我正在使用 Ubuntu Precise：
$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS"
但我的内核版本是：
$ uname -r
3.0.0-12-generic
这个配置可以吗？还是我必须将内核更新到较新的版本？如果是，我该怎么做？
apt-cache search linux-image-3返回
linux-image-3.2.0-23-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-23-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.2.0-23-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-23-lowlatency - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on x86/x86_64
linux-image-3.2.0-23-lowlatency-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on x86
linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-24-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-25-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-26-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-27-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-29-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-30-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic-pae - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.2.0-31-virtual - Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 Virtual Guests
linux-image-3.5.0-15-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.5.0-13-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-3.0.0-12-generic - Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
命令 cat /etc/apt/sources.list返回（我删除了注释行）
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main #Third party developers repository
并dpkg -l | grep "linux\-[a-z]*\-"返回
ii linux-headers-2.6.38-10 2.6.38-10.46 Header files related to Linux kernel version 2.6.38
ii linux-headers-2.6.38-10-generic 2.6.38-10.46 Linux kernel headers for version 2.6.38 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-headers-2.6.38-11 2.6.38-11.50 Header files related to Linux kernel version 2.6.38
ii linux-headers-2.6.38-11-generic 2.6.38-11.50 Linux kernel headers for version 2.6.38 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-headers-3.0.0-12 3.0.0-12.20 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.0.0
ii linux-headers-3.0.0-12-generic 3.0.0-12.20 Linux kernel headers for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-24 3.2.0-24.39 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.2.0
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-24-generic 3.2.0-24.39 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-24-generic-pae 3.2.0-24.39 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-25 3.2.0-25.40 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.2.0
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic 3.2.0-25.40 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic-pae 3.2.0-25.40 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-26 3.2.0-26.41 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.2.0
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-26-generic 3.2.0-26.41 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-26-generic-pae 3.2.0-26.41 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-27 3.2.0-27.43 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.2.0
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-27-generic-pae 3.2.0-27.43 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-29 3.2.0-29.46 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.2.0
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-29-generic-pae 3.2.0-29.46 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-30 3.2.0-30.48 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.2.0
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-30-generic 3.2.0-30.48 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.2.0-30-generic-pae 3.2.0-30.48 Linux kernel headers for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.5.0-13 3.5.0-13.13 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.5.0
ii linux-headers-3.5.0-13-generic 3.5.0-13.13 Linux kernel headers for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-3.5.0-15 3.5.0-15.22 Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.5.0
ii linux-headers-3.5.0-15-generic 3.5.0-15.22 Linux kernel headers for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-generic 3.5.0.15.15 Generic Linux kernel headers
ii linux-headers-generic-pae 3.5.0.15.15 Transitional package
rc linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic 2.6.28-11.42 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.28 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic 2.6.28-15.52 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.28 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-image-2.6.28-16-generic 2.6.28-16.55 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.28 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.31-14-generic 2.6.31-14.48 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.31 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.31-15-generic 2.6.31-15.50 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.31 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.31-16-generic 2.6.31-16.53 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.31 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.31-17-generic 2.6.31-17.54 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.31 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.31-19-generic 2.6.31-19.56 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.31 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.31-20-generic 2.6.31-20.58 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.31 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.31-21-generic 2.6.31-21.59 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.31 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-21-generic 2.6.32-21.32 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-22-generic 2.6.32-22.36 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-23-generic 2.6.32-23.37 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-24-generic 2.6.32-24.43 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-25-generic 2.6.32-25.45 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-26-generic 2.6.32-26.48 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-27-generic 2.6.32-27.49 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-28-generic 2.6.32-28.55 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-29-generic 2.6.32-29.58 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.32-30-generic 2.6.32-30.59 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-image-2.6.32-31-generic 2.6.32-31.61 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-2.6.35-28-generic 2.6.35-28.50 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.35 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-image-2.6.38-10-generic 2.6.38-10.46 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.38 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-image-2.6.38-11-generic 2.6.38-11.50 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.38 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-image-2.6.38-8-generic 2.6.38-8.42 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.38 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-image-3.0.0-12-generic 3.0.0-12.20 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-3.0.0-13-generic 3.0.0-13.22 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-3.0.0-14-generic 3.0.0-14.23 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-3.0.0-15-generic 3.0.0-15.26 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-3.0.0-16-generic 3.0.0-16.29 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-image-3.0.0-17-generic 3.0.0-17.30 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic 3.2.0-24.39 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic 3.2.0-25.40 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic 3.2.0-26.41 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic 3.2.0-30.48 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-13-generic 3.5.0-13.13 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-15-generic 3.5.0-15.22 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.5.0-13-generic 3.5.0-13.13 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.5.0-15-generic 3.5.0-15.22 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-generic 3.5.0.15.15 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-libc-dev 3.5.0-15.22 Linux Kernel Headers for development
rc linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic 2.6.28-11.15 Non-free Linux kernel modules for version 2.6.28 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic 2.6.28-15.20 Non-free Linux kernel modules for version 2.6.28 on x86/x86_64
rc linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-16-generic 2.6.28-16.21 Non-free Linux kernel modules for version 2.6.28 on x86/x86_64
ii linux-sound-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu1 base package for ALSA and OSS sound systems
答案1
据我所知，存储库中可用的最新版本是3.2.0-31-generic。这意味着你的内核确实相当过时。最佳做法是始终让你的计算机尽可能保持最新，Ubuntu 也不例外。
您可以使用以下命令在桌面系统上更新内核：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
如果您还想更新所有其他软件，可以通过发出以下命令来完成：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
请注意，这些命令确实需要sudo（管理员）权限，并且您必须随后重新启动。
更简单的方法是使用更新管理器检查更新并安装它们：
答案2
您使用的是旧版 grub。更新 grub 将解决问题，因为新版 grub 更善于跟踪硬盘中的内核和其他操作系统。
请按照此方法操作：http://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Upgrading
谢谢 用户68186
答案3
在我的情况我不得不升级硬件支持堆栈 HWE，以便接收最新的内核。