我在配备 NVIDIA Optimus 的 DELL XPS 上使用 Ubuntu 12.04。我知道与此相关的问题已经被问过好几次了，我按照许多教程和说明操作，但还是无法让它工作。
我尝试安装几个不同版本的 NVIDIA 专有驱动程序（xswat、xorg edgers、直接通过网站下载等），但都无法工作（NVIDIA 模块从未加载，我甚至无法打开 nvidia-settings）。
我读到 NVIDIA 驱动程序与这种混合架构不兼容，所以我不在乎是否使用 NVIDIA 或 Intel 卡（我不会使用这台笔记本电脑来玩游戏，不需要超级图形），我只希望第二台显示器能够工作。
我还尝试手动更改 xorg.conf 文件，基于我编写的示例 xorg.conf找到这里但它不起作用，所以我回滚了更改；我不知道问题是否在于我不知道如何正确配置此文件，或者无论做了什么更改它都不起作用。删除 xorg.conf 也不起作用（即 Ubuntu 正常工作，但仍然没有第二台显示器）。
以下是我的环境的输出，如果您有其他需要，请告诉我：
$ lspci -v | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 [GeForce GT 540M] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 32767 x 32767
LVDS1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 193mm
1920x1080 60.0*+ 59.9
1680x1050 60.0 59.9
1600x1024 60.2
1400x1050 60.0
1280x1024 60.0
1440x900 59.9
1280x960 60.0
1360x768 59.8 60.0
1152x864 60.0
1024x768 60.0
800x600 60.3 56.2
640x480 59.9
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
$ lshw -c 显示
PCI (sysfs)
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GF108 [GeForce GT 540M]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f0000000-f0ffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:3000(size=128) memory:f1000000-f107ffff
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 09
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:53 memory:f1400000-f17fffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:4000(size=64)
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
# nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig
# nvidia-xconfig: version 310.44 (buildmeister@swio-display-x86-rhel47-07) Wed Mar 27 15:56:20 PDT 2013
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
FontPath "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType"
FontPath "built-ins"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load "extmod"
Load "dri2"
Load "record"
Load "dbe"
Load "glx"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mouse1"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "LeftEdge" "1700"
Option "RightEdge" "5300"
Option "TopEdge" "1700"
Option "BottomEdge" "4200"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "100"
Option "MinSpeed" "0.06"
Option "MaxSpeed" "0.12"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.0010"
Option "SHMConfig" "on"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
### <percent>: "<f>%"
### [arg]: arg optional
#Option "NoAccel" # [<bool>]
#Option "AccelMethod" # <str>
#Option "Backlight" # <str>
#Option "DRI" # <str>
#Option "ColorKey" # <i>
#Option "VideoKey" # <i>
#Option "Tiling" # [<bool>]
#Option "LinearFramebuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "SwapbuffersWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "TripleBuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "XvPreferOverlay" # [<bool>]
#Option "HotPlug" # [<bool>]
#Option "RelaxedFencing" # [<bool>]
#Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str>
#Option "TearFree" # [<bool>]
#Option "PerCrtcPixmaps" # [<bool>]
#Option "FallbackDebug" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushBatches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushCaches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "BufferCache" # [<bool>]
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "nvidia"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 4
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 8
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 15
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 16
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
EndSubSection
EndSection
/var/log/Xorg.0.log 的部分内容（如果您需要完整内容请告诉我）
[ 26.008] (II) intel(0): Output HDMI1 has no monitor section
[ 26.120] (II) intel(0): Output HDMI1 disconnected
[ 25.876] (II) Module glx: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
[ 25.876] compiled for 4.0.2, module version = 1.0.0
[ 25.876] Module class: X.Org Server Extension
[ 25.876] (II) NVIDIA GLX Module 310.44 Wed Mar 27 15:10:55 PDT 2013
[ 25.876] (II) Loading extension GLX
[ 25.876] (II) LoadModule: "dri"
[ 25.876] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdri.so
[ 25.876] (II) Module dri: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 25.876] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 1.0.0
[ 25.876] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
[ 25.876] (II) Loading extension XFree86-DRI
[ 25.876] (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
[ 25.991] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nvidia
[ 25.991] (II) UnloadModule: "nvidia"
[ 25.991] (II) Unloading nvidia
[ 25.991] (EE) Failed to load module "nvidia" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 25.991] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 25.991] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 25.991] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 25.991] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 25.991] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 25.991] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[ 25.991] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 25.991] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 2.21.6
[ 25.991] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 25.991] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 11.0
[ 25.991] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[ 25.992] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module vesa
[ 25.992] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[ 25.992] (II) Unloading vesa
[ 25.992] (EE) Failed to load module "vesa" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 25.992] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[ 25.992] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev
[ 25.992] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
[ 25.992] (II) Unloading fbdev
[ 25.992] (EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 25.992] (II) intel: Driver for Intel Integrated Graphics Chipsets: i810,
$ udevadm 监控
monitor will print the received events for:
UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing
KERNEL - the kernel uevent
KERNEL[142.165188] add /devices/virtual/net/lo/queues/rx-0 (queues)
KERNEL[142.165252] add /devices/virtual/net/lo/queues/tx-0 (queues)
UDEV [142.165547] add /devices/virtual/net/lo/queues/tx-0 (queues)
UDEV [142.165571] add /devices/virtual/net/lo/queues/rx-0 (queues)
请帮助我，我不想回到 Windows！