解释
我刚刚组装了一台新电脑。规格如下：
中央处理器：AMD FX 8350
固态硬盘：三星 840 Pro 系列 MZ-7PD256BW
最初，我尝试从 Live DVD 安装 Linux Mint 15 和 XFCE。Live DVD 已加载，但我的键盘和鼠标未检测到或安装，因此我无法安装它。经过一番谷歌搜索后，我发现我的某些 BIOS 设置可能是导致问题的原因。我启用了网络堆栈和 IOMMU 控制器（如上文所述这里和这里)，然后 USB 设备开始工作，我能够安装 Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS。但我真的很想要带有 XFCE 的 Mint 15，所以我再次安装了它，这次成功了！但后来我注意到我“无法”获得网络连接。所以我又重新安装了 Ubuntu。安装 Ubuntu 后，我意识到由于某种原因，自动 DHCP 不起作用。我将其切换到手动配置，重新启动计算机后（不确定为什么我必须重新启动才能使配置工作），我拥有了网络连接。天哪，我仍然想要 Mint，所以我又重新安装了！
长话短说 - 我现在已经启动并运行了带有 XFCE 的 Mint 15。但它仍然不完美。启动时间太长，除了显示器上的 LED 颜色外，没有任何迹象表明计算机正在启动。屏幕是黑色的，没有任何图形信息表明操作系统正在加载。等待几分钟后（我没有计时，但我认为大约 4 或 5 分钟），我终于看到了登录屏幕。但当我尝试使用 USB 键盘或鼠标时，它们仍然无法工作。我知道这听起来很令人困惑，因为我说过一切都已启动并运行。好吧，问题是我必须等待 1 到 2 分钟，键盘和鼠标才能正常工作。我可以忍受这种情况，但感觉有些东西仍然无法正常工作。
我使用 Mint 15 和 Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS 获得了相同的结果。
我确保主板安装了最新的 BIOS。我尝试更新 LAN 的驱动程序，Realtek 8111E(网站上说“适用于内核 3.x 和 2.6.x 和 2.4.x 的 LINUX 驱动程序”），但是当我解压 r8168-8.037.00.tar.bz2 时，README 文件显示“内核源代码树（支持 Linux 内核 2.6.x 和 2.4.x）”，所以我没有安装它，因为我正在运行：
$ uname -a
Linux bugger 3.8.0-25-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 6 20:47:07 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
以下是来自 /var/log/syslog 的片段。我仅包含与报告的警告或错误相关的部分：
...
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 1.531599] AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT device=01:00.0 domain=0x0014 address=0x00000000be9f9880 flags=0x0010]
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 1.850302] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 16.912757] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 18.217346] xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.0: can't setup
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 18.217348] xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.0: USB bus 8 deregistered
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 18.217375] Switching to clocksource tsc
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 18.217377] xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.0: init 0000:01:00.0 fail, -110
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 18.217379] xhci_hcd: probe of 0000:01:00.0 failed with error -110
...
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 19.795759] [drm] Initialized nouveau 1.1.0 20120801 for 0000:03:00.0 on minor 0
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 32.079049] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 32.294288] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 47.356778] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 62.522954] usb 3-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 62.738247] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 73.112154] usb 3-2: device not accepting address 4, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 73.223791] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-pci
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.597693] usb 3-2: device not accepting address 5, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.597715] hub 3-0:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 2
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.733056] xor: automatically using best checksumming function:
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.769049] avx : 5053.000 MB/sec
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.770733] device-mapper: dm-raid45: initialized v0.2594b
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.792131] Btrfs loaded
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.813183] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.872709] usb 5-3: new full-speed USB device number 2 using ohci_hcd
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.938145] Adding 33516540k swap on /dev/sda5. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:33516540k SS
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.958737] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 83.983172] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.009284] lp: driver loaded but no devices found
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.033058] usb 5-3: New USB device found, idVendor=0557, idProduct=7000
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.033064] usb 5-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.035104] hub 5-3:1.0: USB hub found
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.037248] hub 5-3:1.0: 4 ports detected
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Bluetooth daemon 4.101
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Starting SDP server
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: DIS cannot start: GATT is disabled
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Failed to init deviceinfo plugin
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Failed to init proximity plugin
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Failed to init time plugin
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Failed to init alert plugin
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Failed to init thermometer plugin
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.064980] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.064995] NET: Registered protocol family 31
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.064996] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.065002] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.065005] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger kernel: [ 84.065009] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger bluetoothd[626]: Failed to init gatt_example plugin
...
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> monitoring kernel firmware directory '/lib/firmware'.
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WiFi hardware radio set enabled
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WiFi enabled by radio killswitch; enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WWAN enabled by radio killswitch; enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WiMAX enabled by radio killswitch; enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> Networking is enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <warn> failed to allocate link cache: (-10) Operation not supported
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): carrier is OFF
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): new Ethernet device (driver: 'r8169' ifindex: 2)
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/0
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): device state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed') [10 20 2]
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): bringing up device.
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> monitoring kernel firmware directory '/lib/firmware'.
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WiFi hardware radio set enabled
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WiFi enabled by radio killswitch; enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WWAN enabled by radio killswitch; enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> WiMAX enabled by radio killswitch; enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> Networking is enabled by state file
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <warn> failed to allocate link cache: (-10) Operation not supported
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): carrier is OFF
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): new Ethernet device (driver: 'r8169' ifindex: 2)
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/0
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): device state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed') [10 20 2]
Oct 27 19:34:07 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): bringing up device.
...
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger ntpdate[1265]: Can't find host ntp.ubuntu.com: System error (-11)
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger ntpdate[1265]: no servers can be used, exiting
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger mdm[1277]: WARNING: Plymouth is running, asking it to stop...
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger mdm[1277]: WARNING: Plymouth stopped
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger acpid: client connected from 1335[0:0]
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger acpid: 1 client rule loaded
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger kernel: [ 84.925348] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=9 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.0/0000:03:00.1/sound/card1/input10
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger kernel: [ 84.925422] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.0/0000:03:00.1/sound/card1/input11
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger kernel: [ 84.925480] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.0/0000:03:00.1/sound/card1/input12
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger kernel: [ 84.925540] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.0/0000:03:00.1/sound/card1/input13
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger mdm[1277]: WARNING: failed to get file info for accountService pic file: Error when getting information for file '/var/lib/AccountsService/icons/axiopisty': No such file or directory
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger mdm[1277]: WARNING: failed to get file info for accountService pic file: Error when getting information for file '/home/axiopisty/.face': No such file or directory
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger mdm[1277]: GLib-GIO-CRITICAL: g_file_info_get_attribute_uint64: assertion `G_IS_FILE_INFO (info)' failed
Oct 27 19:34:08 bugger mdm[1277]: GLib-GIO-CRITICAL: g_file_info_get_attribute_uint64: assertion `G_IS_FILE_INFO (info)' failed
...
Oct 27 19:34:10 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <warn> dnsmasq not available on the bus, can't update servers.
Oct 27 19:34:10 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <error> [1382924050.590066] [nm-dns-dnsmasq.c:402] update(): dnsmasq owner not found on bus: Could not get owner of name 'org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.dnsmasq': no such name
Oct 27 19:34:10 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <warn> DNS: plugin dnsmasq update failed
Oct 27 19:34:10 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> Writing DNS information to /sbin/resolvconf
...
Oct 27 19:34:19 bugger kernel: [ 99.525358] usb 7-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:26 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): IP6 addrconf timed out or failed.
Oct 27 19:34:26 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> Activation (eth0) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv6 Configure Timeout) scheduled...
Oct 27 19:34:26 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> Activation (eth0) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv6 Configure Timeout) started...
Oct 27 19:34:26 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> Activation (eth0) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv6 Configure Timeout) complete.
Oct 27 19:34:35 bugger kernel: [ 114.715442] usb 7-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:34:35 bugger kernel: [ 114.954663] usb 7-2: new full-speed USB device number 3 using ohci_hcd
Oct 27 19:34:50 bugger kernel: [ 130.041088] usb 7-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:35:05 bugger kernel: [ 145.231222] usb 7-2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
Oct 27 19:35:06 bugger kernel: [ 145.470436] usb 7-2: new full-speed USB device number 4 using ohci_hcd
Oct 27 19:35:16 bugger kernel: [ 155.844341] usb 7-2: device not accepting address 4, error -110
Oct 27 19:35:16 bugger kernel: [ 155.979888] usb 7-2: new full-speed USB device number 5 using ohci_hcd
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.353805] usb 7-2: device not accepting address 5, error -110
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.353824] hub 7-0:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 2
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.553694] usb 5-3.1: new low-speed USB device number 3 using ohci_hcd
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.728143] usb 5-3.1: New USB device found, idVendor=045e, idProduct=00db
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.728150] usb 5-3.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.728156] usb 5-3.1: Product: Natural® Ergonomic Key
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.728160] usb 5-3.1: Manufacturer: Microsoft
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger mtp-probe: checking bus 5, device 3: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.0/usb5/5-3/5-3.1"
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger mtp-probe: bus: 5, device: 3 was not an MTP device
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.824938] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
Oct 27 19:35:27 bugger kernel: [ 166.824943] usbhid: USB HID core driver
...
Oct 27 21:19:55 bugger xscreensaver: pam_ecryptfs: seteuid error
...
Oct 28 08:44:31 bugger xscreensaver: pam_ecryptfs: seteuid error
...
Oct 28 15:47:38 bugger kernel: [72659.857778] nspluginwrapper[15024]: segfault at 7f856cdf91aa ip 00007f85730d97d6 sp 00007fff8719d3c8 error 4 in libc-2.17.so[7f8572fa0000+1bf000]
...
Oct 28 16:10:05 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <error> [1382998205.711047] [nm-system.c:145] nm_system_device_set_ip4_route(): (tun0): failed to set IPv4 route: Object exists
Oct 28 16:10:05 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <error> [1382998205.711229] [nm-system.c:145] nm_system_device_set_ip4_route(): (tun0): failed to set IPv4 route: Object exists
Oct 28 16:10:05 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <error> [1382998205.711388] [nm-system.c:145] nm_system_device_set_ip4_route(): (tun0): failed to set IPv4 route: Object exists
...
Oct 28 18:32:30 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <warn> DNS: plugin dnsmasq update failed
...
Oct 28 18:32:50 bugger NetworkManager[979]: <info> (eth0): IP6 addrconf timed out or failed.
要清楚的是，LAN 时好时坏。有时启动计算机后它可以工作（使用手动配置，而不是自动 DHCP），有时则不行。在登录屏幕出现后等待大约 2 分钟，USB 设备将工作。但如果 USB 设备和 LAN 在系统启动后都正常工作，那么它们似乎工作正常……直到下次系统再次启动。它只是时好时坏。
问题
从日志文件中可以看出，我的 USB 和 LAN 设备仍然有问题。我该如何解决这些问题？也许是其他 BIOS 设置、其他驱动程序，或者也许在某处提交错误？
谢谢。
编辑
我使用秒表来了解启动/鼠标准备时间。
Boot time: 1:53.50
Mouse time: 1:22.16
Total time: 3:15.66
这意味着从我按下电源按钮到出现登录屏幕，一共花了 1 分 53 秒。然后又花了 1 分 22 秒，鼠标和键盘才开始工作（使用“ohci_hcd”usb 1.0 支持，而不是“ehci-pci”usb 2.0 支持）。我登录机器之前总共花了 3 分 15 秒。
对于指定的硬件来说，1:53 是操作系统启动的正常时间吗？
答案1
尝试在 BIOS 中关闭 IOMMU 支持。我有相同的系统，我才刚刚开始设置它。启用 IOMMU 后，我看到了相同的错误IO_PAGE_FAULT device:01:00.0；禁用后，这些错误消失了，相关错误也消失了xhci_hcd（USB 3.0）。