我遇到了屏幕频繁死机和文本乱码的问题。一个可能的解决方法是使用 mesa 9.2.3。不幸的是，官方存储库中的最新版本是 mesa 9.2.1。因此，我尝试安装来自这里：一个标记为“不要使用”的 ppa。唉。
无论如何，我得到了一大堆依赖性错误。（忽略有关新内核的行。该内核之前已安装。）
$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
(Reading database ... 357629 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libegl1-mesa:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libegl1-mesa_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libegl1-mesa:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libegl1-mesa-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libegl1-mesa-dbg:amd64 (from libegl1-mesa-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libegl1-mesa-dev.
Unpacking libegl1-mesa-dev (from libegl1-mesa-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libegl1-mesa-drivers_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg:amd64 (from libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libgbm1:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libgbm1_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libgbm1:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgbm1-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libgbm1-dbg:amd64 (from libgbm1-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgbm-dev.
Unpacking libgbm-dev (from libgbm-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libgl1-mesa-dev 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libgl1-mesa-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libgl1-mesa-dev ...
Preparing to replace libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libgl1-mesa-dri_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
De-configuring libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 ...
Unpacking replacement libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 ...
Preparing to replace libgl1-mesa-dri-dbg:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libgl1-mesa-dri-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libgl1-mesa-dri-dbg:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental:amd64.
Unpacking libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental:amd64 (from libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental-dbg:amd64 (from libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libgl1-mesa-glx_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
De-configuring libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 ...
Unpacking replacement libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg:amd64 (from libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libglapi-mesa:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libglapi-mesa_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
De-configuring libglapi-mesa:i386 ...
Unpacking replacement libglapi-mesa:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglapi-mesa-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libglapi-mesa-dbg:amd64 (from libglapi-mesa-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgles1-mesa:amd64.
Unpacking libgles1-mesa:amd64 (from libgles1-mesa_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgles1-mesa-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libgles1-mesa-dbg:amd64 (from libgles1-mesa-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgles1-mesa-dev.
Unpacking libgles1-mesa-dev (from libgles1-mesa-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libgles2-mesa:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libgles2-mesa_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libgles2-mesa:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgles2-mesa-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libgles2-mesa-dbg:amd64 (from libgles2-mesa-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgles2-mesa-dev.
Unpacking libgles2-mesa-dev (from libgles2-mesa-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libopenvg1-mesa:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libopenvg1-mesa_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libopenvg1-mesa:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libopenvg1-mesa-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libopenvg1-mesa-dbg:amd64 (from libopenvg1-mesa-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libopenvg1-mesa-dev.
Unpacking libopenvg1-mesa-dev (from libopenvg1-mesa-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libosmesa6:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libosmesa6_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
De-configuring libosmesa6:i386 ...
Unpacking replacement libosmesa6:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libosmesa6-dev.
Unpacking libosmesa6-dev (from libosmesa6-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libxatracker1:amd64 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using libxatracker1_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libxatracker1:amd64 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxatracker1-dbg:amd64.
Unpacking libxatracker1-dbg:amd64 (from libxatracker1-dbg_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxatracker-dev.
Unpacking libxatracker-dev (from libxatracker-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace linux-headers-3.11.8-031108 3.11.8-031108.201311122252 (using linux-headers-3.11.8-031108_3.11.8-031108.201311122252_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement linux-headers-3.11.8-031108 ...
Preparing to replace linux-headers-3.11.8-031108-generic 3.11.8-031108.201311122252 (using linux-headers-3.11.8-031108-generic_3.11.8-031108.201311122252_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement linux-headers-3.11.8-031108-generic ...
Preparing to replace linux-image-3.11.8-031108-generic 3.11.8-031108.201311122252 (using linux-image-3.11.8-031108-generic_3.11.8-031108.201311122252_amd64.deb) ...
Done.
Unpacking replacement linux-image-3.11.8-031108-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-extlinux 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
P: Checking for EXTLINUX directory... found.
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.9.4-030904-generic...
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-27-generic...
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic...
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic...
P: Writing config for Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sdb2...
P: Installing debian theme... done.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
Preparing to replace mesa-common-dev 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 (using mesa-common-dev_9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement mesa-common-dev ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libegl1-mesa:amd64:
libegl1-mesa:amd64 depends on libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2); however:
Package libwayland0:amd64 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing libegl1-mesa:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libegl1-mesa-dbg:amd64:
libegl1-mesa-dbg:amd64 depends on libegl1-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libegl1-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libegl1-mesa-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libegl1-mesa-dev:
libegl1-mesa-dev depends on libegl1-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libegl1-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libegl1-mesa-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64:
libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64 depends on libegl1-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libegl1-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64 depends on libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2); however:
Package libwayland0:amd64 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg:amd64:
libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg:amd64 depends on libegl1-mesa-drivers (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgbm1:amd64:
libgbm1:amd64 depends on libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2); however:
Package libwayland0:amd64 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing libgbm1:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgbm1-dbg:amd64:
libgbm1-dbg:amd64 depends on libgbm1 (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgbm1:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgbm1-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgbm-dev:
libgbm-dev depends on libgbm1 (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgbm1:amd64 is not configured yet.
libgbm-dev depends on libudev-dev; however:
Package libudev-dev is not installed.
dpkg: error processing libgbm-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 (--install):
package libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 cannot be configured because libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 is at a different version (9.2.1-1ubuntu3)
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (--install):
package libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 cannot be configured because libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 is at a different version (9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1)
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgl1-mesa-dri-dbg:amd64:
libgl1-mesa-dri-dbg:amd64 depends on libgl1-mesa-dri (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-dri-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental:amd64:
libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental:amd64 depends on libgl1-mesa-dri (>= 7.11.1); however:
Package libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental-dbg:amd64:
libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental-dbg:amd64 depends on libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 (--install):
package libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 cannot be configured because libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 is at a different version (9.2.1-1ubuntu3)
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (--install):
package libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 cannot be configured because libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 is at a different version (9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1)
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg:amd64:
libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg:amd64 depends on libgl1-mesa-glx (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: error processing libglapi-mesa:amd64 (--install):
package libglapi-mesa:amd64 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 cannot be configured because libglapi-mesa:i386 is at a different version (9.2.1-1ubuntu3)
dpkg: error processing libglapi-mesa:i386 (--install):
package libglapi-mesa:i386 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 cannot be configured because libglapi-mesa:amd64 is at a different version (9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1)
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglapi-mesa-dbg:amd64:
libglapi-mesa-dbg:amd64 depends on libglapi-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libglapi-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libglapi-mesa-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgles1-mesa:amd64:
libgles1-mesa:amd64 depends on libglapi-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libglapi-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgles1-mesa:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgles1-mesa-dbg:amd64:
libgles1-mesa-dbg:amd64 depends on libgles1-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgles1-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgles1-mesa-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgles1-mesa-dev:
libgles1-mesa-dev depends on libgles1-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgles1-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
libgles1-mesa-dev depends on libegl1-mesa-dev; however:
Package libegl1-mesa-dev is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgles1-mesa-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgles2-mesa:amd64:
libgles2-mesa:amd64 depends on libglapi-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libglapi-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgles2-mesa:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgles2-mesa-dbg:amd64:
libgles2-mesa-dbg:amd64 depends on libgles2-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgles2-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgles2-mesa-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgles2-mesa-dev:
libgles2-mesa-dev depends on libgles2-mesa (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgles2-mesa:amd64 is not configured yet.
libgles2-mesa-dev depends on libegl1-mesa-dev; however:
Package libegl1-mesa-dev is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgles2-mesa-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libopenvg1-mesa:amd64 (9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libopenvg1-mesa-dbg:amd64 (9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libopenvg1-mesa-dev:
libopenvg1-mesa-dev depends on libegl1-mesa-dev; however:
Package libegl1-mesa-dev is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libopenvg1-mesa-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: error processing libosmesa6:amd64 (--install):
package libosmesa6:amd64 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 cannot be configured because libosmesa6:i386 is at a different version (9.2.1-1ubuntu3)
dpkg: error processing libosmesa6:i386 (--install):
package libosmesa6:i386 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 cannot be configured because libosmesa6:amd64 is at a different version (9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1)
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libosmesa6-dev:
libosmesa6-dev depends on libosmesa6 (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libosmesa6:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libosmesa6-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libxatracker1:amd64:
libxatracker1:amd64 depends on libgl1-mesa-dri; however:
Package libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libxatracker1:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libxatracker1-dbg:amd64:
libxatracker1-dbg:amd64 depends on libxatracker1 (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libxatracker1:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libxatracker1-dbg:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libxatracker-dev:
libxatracker-dev depends on libxatracker1 (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libxatracker1:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libxatracker-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-headers-3.11.8-031108 (3.11.8-031108.201311122252) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.11.8-031108-generic (3.11.8-031108.201311122252) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
Setting up linux-image-3.11.8-031108-generic (3.11.8-031108.201311122252) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
Not updating initrd symbolic links since we are being updated/reinstalled
(3.11.8-031108.201311122252 was configured last, according to dpkg)
Not updating image symbolic links since we are being updated/reinstalled
(3.11.8-031108.201311122252 was configured last, according to dpkg)
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.11.8-031108-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-extlinux 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
P: Checking for EXTLINUX directory... found.
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.9.4-030904-generic...
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-27-generic...
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic...
P: Writing config for /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic...
P: Writing config for Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sdb2...
P: Installing debian theme... done.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.11.8-031108-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.8-031108-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.8-031108-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.9.4-030904-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.9.4-030904-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-27-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-27-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sdb2
done
Setting up mesa-common-dev (9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgl1-mesa-dev:
libgl1-mesa-dev depends on libgl1-mesa-glx (= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1); however:
Package libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing libgl1-mesa-dev (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
libegl1-mesa:amd64
libegl1-mesa-dbg:amd64
libegl1-mesa-dev
libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64
libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg:amd64
libgbm1:amd64
libgbm1-dbg:amd64
libgbm-dev
libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64
libgl1-mesa-dri:i386
libgl1-mesa-dri-dbg:amd64
libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental:amd64
libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental-dbg:amd64
libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386
libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg:amd64
libglapi-mesa:amd64
libglapi-mesa:i386
libglapi-mesa-dbg:amd64
libgles1-mesa:amd64
libgles1-mesa-dbg:amd64
libgles1-mesa-dev
libgles2-mesa:amd64
libgles2-mesa-dbg:amd64
libgles2-mesa-dev
libopenvg1-mesa-dev
libosmesa6:amd64
libosmesa6:i386
libosmesa6-dev
libxatracker1:amd64
libxatracker1-dbg:amd64
libxatracker-dev
libgl1-mesa-dev
我担心它会破坏我的系统，所以我尝试使用以下两个命令卸载一些（似乎没有任何作用）。
$ sudo apt-get purge libxatracker-dev libxatracker1-dbg:amd64
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
libegl1-mesa : Depends: libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2) but it is not installable
libegl1-mesa-drivers : Depends: libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2) but it is not installable
libgbm-dev : Depends: libudev-dev but it is not going to be installed
libgbm1 : Depends: libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2) but it is not installable
libgl1-mesa-dri : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
libgl1-mesa-glx : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
libglapi-mesa : Breaks: libglapi-mesa:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libglapi-mesa:i386 : Breaks: libglapi-mesa (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
libosmesa6 : Breaks: libosmesa6:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libosmesa6:i386 : Breaks: libosmesa6 (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
$ sudo apt-get -f purge libxatracker-dev libxatracker1-dbg:amd64
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
libegl1-mesa : Depends: libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2) but it is not installable
libegl1-mesa-drivers : Depends: libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2) but it is not installable
libgbm-dev : Depends: libudev-dev but it is not going to be installed
libgbm1 : Depends: libwayland0 (>= 1.0.2) but it is not installable
libgl1-mesa-dri : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
libgl1-mesa-glx : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-glx (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
libglapi-mesa : Breaks: libglapi-mesa:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libglapi-mesa:i386 : Breaks: libglapi-mesa (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
libosmesa6 : Breaks: libosmesa6:i386 (!= 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1) but 9.2.1-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
libosmesa6:i386 : Breaks: libosmesa6 (!= 9.2.1-1ubuntu3) but 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
然后我又改变了主意，并尝试使用
$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
abiword-common evolution-data-server-common kate libaudio2:i386 libcamel-1.2-43 libclutter-1.0-common libcogl-common libdbusmenu-qt2:i386 libebook-contacts-1.2-0 libedataserver-1.2-17 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a
libgtkmathview0c2a libicu48:i386 libkwinactiveeffects1abi4 liblcms1:i386 liblink-grammar4 libmng1:i386 libmysqlclient18:i386 libots0 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386 libqt4-network:i386
libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libqt4-sql-mysql:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libsdl-net1.2 libudev-dev libwayland-server0 libwv-1.2-4 libxss1:i386
link-grammar-dictionaries-en sni-qt:i386
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
libudev-dev
The following packages will be REMOVED
abiword abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad handbrake-gtk kde-window-manager kde-workspace kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-full libabiword-3.0 libchamplain-0.12-0
libchamplain-gtk-0.12-0 libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl-pango12 libcogl12 libegl1-mesa libegl1-mesa-dbg libegl1-mesa-dev libegl1-mesa-drivers libegl1-mesa-drivers-dbg libgbm-dev libgbm1
libgbm1-dbg libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libglapi-mesa:i386 libgles1-mesa-dev libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 libkwinglesutils1 libkwinglutils1abi3
libopenvg1-mesa-dev libosmesa6:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libvisual-0.4-plugins:i386 skype skype-bin:i386 virtualgl-libs:i386 virtualgl-libs-ia32:i386 wine wine1.5 wine1.5-amd64
wine1.5-i386:i386 wine1.6 wine1.6-amd64 wine1.6-i386:i386 xserver-xorg-glamoregl xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-ati
The following NEW packages will be installed
libudev-dev
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 52 to remove and 83 not upgraded.
33 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 27.0 kB of archives.
After this operation, 417 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? n
Abort.
然而，出于某种原因，Abiword 之类的东西被标记为卸载。所以：
- 为什么 Abiwork 等被标记为卸载？
- 我该如何恢复这个可怕的半安装？
- 是否可以使此安装工作（以易于恢复的方式），或者我应该从源代码安装 mesa（并且是否可恢复）？
答案1
我这样修复了这个问题：
我强制删除所有未满足的依赖项，方法是：
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo dpkg --purge --force-all libgl1-mesa-dri
sudo dpkg --purge --force-all libgl1-mesa
sudo dpkg --purge --force-all libgl1-mesa-glx:i386
sudo dpkg -r --force-all libgl1-mesa-dri
sudo dpkg -r --force-all libgl1-mesa-glx
sudo dpkg -r --force-all libglapi-mesa:i386
sudo dpkg -r --force-all libgl1-mesa-dri:i386
sudo dpkg -r --force-all libgl1-mesa-dev
sudo dpkg -r --force-all libqt4-opengl-dev
sudo dpkg -r --force-all libgl1-mesa-dri
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get update
and sudo apt-get upgrade
注意：也许你需要删除另一个包，这取决于你的系统上安装了什么
答案2
为什么 Abiwork 等被标记为卸载？
的奇迹apt-get。在这种情况下（依赖关系被破坏等等），很难说出 apt-get 为什么要这样做。您可以访问-o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=true并查看 apt-get 为什么要尝试解决依赖关系。它会非常冗长，因此对于每个原因你都应该请人解释每个其中。我不会听从 apt-get 的建议，因为它可能会删除重要的软件包，而是手动修复依赖关系或使用 aptitude 帮助。
我该如何恢复这个可怕的半安装？
除了重新安装和再也不这样做了（和那我的意思是手动安装几乎所有核心软件包（mesa 也是dpkg -i）？您可以apt-cache policy针对每个软件包的名称执行此操作并强制版本。示例：
apt-cache policy libgl1-mesa-dri
libgl1-mesa-dri:
Installed: 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1
Candidate: 9.1.7-1ubuntu2
Version table:
*** 9.2.3~brppa-0ubuntu1 0
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
9.1.3-0ubuntu0.3 0
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security/main amd64 Packages
9.1.1-0ubuntu3 0
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring/main amd64 Packages
sudo apt-get libgl1-mesa-dri=9.1.3-0ubuntu0.3
您需要列出软件包（您尝试安装的软件包）和最近的非不可能完成的依赖版本，然后将其降级同时。如果您看到任何其他包，则必须手动修复它们。aptitude也可以这样做，但是 GUI 在解决依赖关系方面非常愚蠢。
是否有可能使此安装工作（以易于恢复的方式），或者应该我从源代码安装 mesa（并且可以恢复吗）？
你还没有体验过吗？使用包管理器工具和存储库进行所有操作（特别是如果它们是像 mesa 这样的核心包），以确保安装无问题，并且除非你准备好重新安装，否则不要手动安装包。简而言之如果你还没有准备好失去它，就不要弄乱你的系统。如何恢复已在上一节中说明。