Linux 如何选择要加载的模块？

Question

据我所知，modprobe仅加载相同运行的内核版本模块，即来自：

/lib/modules/<kerne-version>/

modinfo显示当前内核（不是当前正在运行的内核）应运行的模块的完整路径。因此您无法依赖它。我使用的是 Ubuntu 14.04，示例：

$ modinfo e1000e
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-38-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko
version:        2.3.2-k
license:        GPL
description:    Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
author:         Intel Corporation, <[email protected]>
srcversion:     FAFC167239309C03F11F440
alias:          pci:v00008086d000015A3sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000015A2sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000015A1sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
[...]
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010A4sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000105Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000105Esv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:        ptp
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        2A:DE:ED:EA:6C:BA:0B:95:A6:22:22:40:71:1F:49:C8:72:07:BB:F6
sig_hashalgo:   sha512
parm:           debug:Debug level (0=none,...,16=all) (int)
parm:           copybreak:Maximum size of packet that is copied to a new buffer on receive (uint)
parm:           TxIntDelay:Transmit Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           TxAbsIntDelay:Transmit Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           RxIntDelay:Receive Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           RxAbsIntDelay:Receive Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           InterruptThrottleRate:Interrupt Throttling Rate (array of int)
parm:           IntMode:Interrupt Mode (array of int)
parm:           SmartPowerDownEnable:Enable PHY smart power down (array of int)
parm:           KumeranLockLoss:Enable Kumeran lock loss workaround (array of int)
parm:           WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)
parm:           CrcStripping:Enable CRC Stripping, disable if your BMC needs the CRC (array of int)

如果没有显示，请尝试：modinfo -n e1000e或modinfo --filename e1000e

/lib/modules/3.13.0-38-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko

可以使用insmod完整路径加载特定模块。但这可能有害，并可能损坏硬件。但是，在大多数情况下，内核将应用严格检查，引发一些错误，例如（注意3.13.0-37-generic加载成功）：

$ sudo insmod /lib/modules/3.11.0-24-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module /lib/modules/3.11.0-24-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko: Invalid module format
$ sudo insmod /lib/modules/3.13.0-30-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module /lib/modules/3.13.0-30-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko: Invalid module format
$ sudo insmod /lib/modules/3.13.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module /lib/modules/3.13.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko: Invalid parameters
$ sudo insmod /lib/modules/3.13.0-37-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko
$ sudo rmmod /lib/modules/3.13.0-37-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko
$ sudo insmod /lib/modules/3.13.0-38-lowlatency/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module /lib/modules/3.13.0-38-lowlatency/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko: Invalid module format

我认为sysfs显示了实际加载的模块：

$ more /sys/module/e1000e/version 
2.3.2-k
$ more /sys/module/e1000e/srcversion 
FAFC167239309C03F11F440

我无法检查，因为3.13.0-37-generic就3.13.0-38-generic我而言，版本是相同的。

笔记：

为了完整起见，动态加载的内核模块由处理dkms，并从以下位置加载：

/var/lib/dkms/<driver-name>/<driver-last-version>/<kernel-version>/<kernel-arch>/module/

Answer 1