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如何重置 grub 以同时查看 Windows 7 和 ubuntu 12.04？

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如何重置 grub 以同时查看 Windows 7 和 ubuntu 12.04？

在我的电脑上重新安装 Windows 7 后，我在启动时收到以下错误

bootmgr error

我只有拔下 Linux 硬盘才能启动 Windows，并且只有按下打开EscBIOS 并选择 Linux 硬盘才能启动 Linux。

我尝试使用

update grub-install

但这似乎没什么用。如何让 grub 恢复到原来的样子，让两个操作系统都能从 grub 菜单启动？

以下是我的 sudo update-grub 命令：

$ sudo update-grub
[sudo] password for gin: 
Generating grub.cfg ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-39-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-39-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-37-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-36-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-36-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-35-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-35-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-34-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-34-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-29-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-29-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done

下面是我的 fdisk 命令

$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for gin: 

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120000000000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14589 cylinders, total 234375000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000764a1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   226250751   113124352   83  Linux
/dev/sda2       226252798   234373119     4060161    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       226252800   234373119     4060160   82  Linux swap / Solaris

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.


Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121126 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8d19c4c4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1  4294967295  2147483647+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/sdg: 4009 MB, 4009754624 bytes
145 heads, 48 sectors/track, 1125 cylinders, total 7831552 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0004e24a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdg1   *          48     7831551     3915752    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 4157 MB, 4157603840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 505 cylinders, total 8120320 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x45a3a931

Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

我第一次尝试我该如何修复 grub？（安装 Windows 后如何恢复 Ubuntu？）

$ sudo mount /dev/sda /mnt
mount: /dev/sda already mounted or /mnt busy
gin@ger:~$ for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt$i"; done
mount: mount point /mnt/sys does not exist
mount: mount point /mnt/proc does not exist
mount: mount point /mnt/run does not exist
mount: mount point /mnt/dev does not exist
gin@ger:~$ sudo chroot /mnt
chroot: failed to run command `/bin/bash': No such file or directory

以下是我的启动顺序：

UEFI BOOT SOURCES
    WINDOWS BOOT MANAGER
LEGACY BOOT SOURCES
    HARD DRIVE
        SATO0
        SATO1
NETWORK CONTROLLER (REALTEK PXE B07 D00)

答案1

  1. 不要拔掉电源插头安装了Windows系统的硬盘，或者是安装了ubuntu的硬盘。
  2. 更改 bios 中的硬盘顺序，将安装 ubuntu 的硬盘设置在列表顶部，保持 Ubuntu 可以默认启动。
  3. 启动并登录 Ubuntu

  4. 跑步更新 grub以 root 身份进入终端。您将在终端中找到一些内容，例如：

    “在 /dev/sdxX 上找到 Windows 7（加载程序）”

成功！

  1. 您可以通过编辑来更改启动顺序/etc/default/grub。将其更改GRUB_DEFAULT=0为您想要的任何内容。（0：表示 grub 菜单中的第一项；1：表示 grub 菜单中的第二项。您可以在启动系统时按“shift”或向下箭头键找到 grub 菜单，或者/boot/grub/grub.cfg在 ubuntu 中检查）

祝你好运！

答案2

将你的外部硬盘启动到 Ubuntu，挂载你的 Windows 7 分区，然后尝试在终端中运行此命令

sudo 更新 grub

为了安装，您无需使用终端，只需在 Nautilus 中打开 Windows 7 分区即可。

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