我已经拥有 Ubuntu 13.10 的 EOL 版本。现在我想升级到下一个版本。为此,我阅读了很多网站。因此,我想在此澄清和确认升级方法。
1)这个ubuntu 网站提到如何从 8.10 升级到 9.04。
它表示要确保 sources.list (/etc/apt/sources.list) 具有以下内容:
## EOL upgrade sources.list
# Required
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
# Optional
#deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
现在我的 13.10 中的 sources.list 有以下内容。它没有上面提到的“universe multiverse”字样。
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release i386 (20131016.1)]/ saucy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy main restricted
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy universe
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy universe
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates universe
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy multiverse
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy main
那么,我是否需要将这些词包含在我的 sources.list 中,或者我只是将当前代号“saucy”替换为“trusty”,而不是将“archive.ubuntu.com”替换为“old-releases.ubuntu.com”。请澄清要在 sources.list 中使用的 14.04 代号,是“trusty”(我感觉是)还是“trusty tahr”。如果要使用的代号是“trusty”,那么我不知道为什么这个 Ubuntu 网站提到它的代号为“trusty tahr”!!!! 另外,正如第一个链接所解释的那样,我可以从我的 sources.list 中删除所有行(在 13.10 中)并且只包含所述 8 个句子(显然通过替换为相关代号)吗,如本 Q 的第一个代码中所述?
2)现在第一个链接说运行以下命令。
sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
sudo do-release-upgrade
就这些!但是这个 Ubuntu 链接还说明了安装一些元包/依赖项。请说明这些依赖项是什么以及是否需要安装这些依赖项?如果需要,那么为什么该链接(从 8.10 升级到 9.04 的第一个链接)没有提到这一点?
3) 另外,还有一点我想澄清一下。看看我是否可以通过 GUI 而不是 cli 来执行此操作。看看我是否只将 archive.ubuntu.com 替换为 old-releases.ubuntu.com,然后当我运行“软件更新程序”时,它有升级选项,如下所示。 那么,我的系统也可以通过这种方式升级吗?我问这个问题是因为我找不到提到的用于升级 EOL 的这种方法。
4) 这是我最后要问的一点。(抱歉延长了这个线程)一旦我通过 cli 运行升级 sudo do-release-upgrade 命令,或者如果我单击更新程序 GUI 上的“升级”按钮,是否可能不再需要我的干预或输入(假设没有发生错误)即可完成升级,以便我可以在晚上睡觉前运行升级过程,当我起床时它应该已经完成了?
答案1
从 13.10 升级到 14.04 最安全的方法是在终端中执行以下操作:
a) 做一个CTRL + ALT + T打开终端
b)输入以下命令:
sudo apt-get update
更新你的包裹清单
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
在进行版本升级之前,请确保你的系统已完全更新
最后:
sudo update-manager -d
非图形替代方案(全部在终端内):
sudo do-release-upgrade
c) 更新管理器将显示一个按钮来升级到 Ubuntu 14.04。单击它并按照说明进行操作。
警告!升级之前!请做一个备份您的数据...以防万一!