我看过一些关于类似问题的帖子，但找不到一个可以解决我的问题的帖子。我在电脑上运行 Ubuntu 14.04，我想调整大小并在 USB 上添加一个分区，其中包含 ubuntu 14.04 的实时版本。
我使用实时 gparted CD 加载了 Gparted。然后我调整了其中唯一的分区的大小以保存数据，并留下了一些可用空间。在新的未分配分区中，我创建了一个带有 ex4 文件系统的分区。在应用更改时，我在缩小第一个分区时遇到了错误。
有人知道如何解决这个问题吗？
这是错误的输出：
GParted 0.18.0 --enable-libparted-dmraid --enable-online-resize
Libparted 2.3
Shrink /dev/sdb1 from 7.47 GiB to 2.59 GiB 00:00:05 ( ERROR )
calibrate /dev/sdb1 00:00:00 ( SUCCESS )
path: /dev/sdb1
start: 2048
end: 15667199
size: 15665152 (7.47 GiB)
check file system on /dev/sdb1 for errors and (if possible) fix them 00:00:03 ( SUCCESS )
fsck.fat -a -w -v /dev/sdb1
fsck.fat 3.0.26 (2014-03-07)
fsck.fat 3.0.26 (2014-03-07)
Checking we can access the last sector of the filesystem
There are differences between boot sector and its backup.
This is mostly harmless. Differences: (offset:original/backup)
1:58/5a, 3:53/4d, 4:59/53, 5:53/57, 6:4c/49, 7:49/4e, 8:4e/34, 9:55/2e
, 10:58/31, 90:fa/00, 91:fc/00, 92:31/00, 93:c9/00, 94:8e/00, 95:d1/00
, 96:bc/00, 97:76/00, 98:7b/00, 99:52/00, 100:06/00, 101:57/00, 102:1e/00
, 103:56/00, 104:8e/00, 105:c1/00, 106:b1/00, 107:26/00, 108:bf/00
, 109:78/00, 110:7b/00, 111:f3/00, 112:a5/00, 113:8e/00, 114:d9/00
, 115:bb/00, 116:78/00, 118:0f/00, 119:b4/00, 120:37/00, 121:0f/00
, 122:a0/00, 123:56/00, 124:20/00, 125:d2/00, 126:78/00, 127:1b/00
, 128:31/00, 129:c0/00, 130:b1/00, 131:06/00, 132:89/00, 133:3f/00
, 134:89/00, 135:47/00, 136:02/00, 137:f3/00, 138:64/00, 139:a5/00
, 140:8a/00, 141:0e/00, 142:18/00, 143:7c/00, 144:88/00, 145:4d/00
, 146:f8/00, 147:50/00, 148:50/00, 149:50/00, 150:50/00, 151:cd/00
, 152:13/00, 153:eb/00, 154:62/00, 155:8b/00, 156:55/00, 157:aa/00
, 158:8b/00, 159:75/00, 160:a8/00, 161:c1/00, 162:ee/00, 163:04/00
, 164:01/00, 165:f2/00, 166:83/00, 167:fa/00, 168:4f/00, 169:76/00
, 170:31/00, 171:81/00, 172:fa/00, 173:b2/00, 174:07/00, 175:73/00
, 176:2b/00, 177:f6/00, 178:45/00, 179:b4/00, 180:7f/00, 181:75/00
, 182:25/00, 183:38/00, 184:4d/00, 185:b8/00, 186:74/00, 187:20/00
, 188:66/00, 189:3d/00, 190:21/00, 191:47/00, 192:50/00, 193:54/00
, 194:75/00, 195:10/00, 196:80/00, 197:7d/00, 198:b8/00, 199:ed/00
, 200:75/00, 201:0a/00, 202:66/00, 203:ff/00, 204:75/00, 205:ec/00
, 206:66/00, 207:ff/00, 208:75/00, 209:e8/00, 210:eb/00, 211:0f/00
, 212:51/00, 213:51/00, 214:66/00, 215:ff/00, 216:75/00, 217:bc/00
, 218:eb/00, 219:07/00, 220:51/00, 221:51/00, 222:66/00, 223:ff/00
, 224:36/00, 225:1c/00, 226:7c/00, 227:b4/00, 228:08/00, 229:e8/00
, 230:e9/00, 232:72/00, 233:13/00, 234:20/00, 235:e4/00, 236:75/00
, 237:0f/00, 238:c1/00, 239:ea/00, 240:08/00, 241:42/00, 242:89/00
, 243:16/00, 244:1a/00, 245:7c/00, 246:83/00, 247:e1/00, 248:3f/00
, 249:89/00, 250:0e/00, 251:18/00, 252:7c/00, 253:fb/00, 254:bb/00
, 255:aa/00, 256:55/00, 257:b4/00, 258:41/00, 259:e8/00, 260:cb/00
, 262:72/00, 263:10/00, 264:81/00, 265:fb/00, 266:55/00, 267:aa/00
, 268:75/00, 269:0a/00, 270:f6/00, 271:c1/00, 272:01/00, 273:74/00
, 274:05/00, 275:c6/00, 276:06/00, 277:46/00, 278:7d/00, 280:66/00
, 281:b8/00, 282:46/00, 283:ee/00, 286:66/00, 287:ba/00, 292:bb/00
, 294:80/00, 295:e8/00, 296:0e/00, 298:66/00, 299:81/00, 300:3e/00
, 301:1c/00, 302:80/00, 303:a1/00, 304:f3/00, 305:42/00, 306:6f/00
, 307:75/00, 308:74/00, 309:e9/00, 310:f8/00, 311:02/00, 312:66/00
, 313:03/00, 314:06/00, 315:60/00, 316:7b/00, 317:66/00, 318:13/00
, 319:16/00, 320:64/00, 321:7b/00, 322:b9/00, 323:10/00, 325:eb/00
, 326:2b/00, 327:66/00, 328:52/00, 329:66/00, 330:50/00, 331:06/00
, 332:53/00, 333:6a/00, 334:01/00, 335:6a/00, 336:10/00, 337:89/00
, 338:e6/00, 339:66/00, 340:60/00, 341:b4/00, 342:42/00, 343:e8/00
, 344:77/00, 346:66/00, 347:61/00, 348:8d/00, 349:64/00, 350:10/00
, 351:72/00, 352:01/00, 353:c3/00, 354:66/00, 355:60/00, 356:31/00
, 357:c0/00, 358:e8/00, 359:68/00, 361:66/00, 362:61/00, 363:e2/00
, 364:da/00, 365:c6/00, 366:06/00, 367:46/00, 368:7d/00, 369:2b/00
, 370:66/00, 371:60/00, 372:66/00, 373:0f/00, 374:b7/00, 375:36/00
, 376:18/00, 377:7c/00, 378:66/00, 379:0f/00, 380:b7/00, 381:3e/00
, 382:1a/00, 383:7c/00, 384:66/00, 385:f7/00, 386:f6/00, 387:31/00
, 388:c9/00, 389:87/00, 390:ca/00, 391:66/00, 392:f7/00, 393:f7/00
, 394:66/00, 395:3d/00, 396:ff/00, 397:03/00, 400:77/00, 401:17/00
, 402:c0/00, 403:e4/00, 404:06/00, 405:41/00, 406:08/00, 407:e1/00
, 408:88/00, 409:c5/00, 410:88/00, 411:d6/00, 412:b8/00, 413:01/00
, 414:02/00, 415:e8/00, 416:2f/00, 418:66/00, 419:61/00, 420:72/00
, 421:01/00, 422:c3/00, 423:e2/00, 424:c9/00, 425:31/00, 426:f6/00
, 427:8e/00, 428:d6/00, 429:bc/00, 430:68/00, 431:7b/00, 432:8e/00
, 433:de/00, 434:66/00, 435:8f/00, 436:06/00, 437:78/00, 439:be/00
, 440:da/00, 441:7d/00, 442:ac/00, 443:20/00, 444:c0/00, 445:74/00
, 446:09/00, 447:b4/00, 448:0e/00, 449:bb/00, 450:07/00, 452:cd/00
, 453:10/00, 454:eb/00, 455:f2/00, 456:31/00, 457:c0/00, 458:cd/00
, 459:16/00, 460:cd/00, 461:19/00, 462:f4/00, 463:eb/00, 464:fd/00
, 465:8a/00, 466:16/00, 467:74/00, 468:7b/00, 469:06/00, 470:cd/00
, 471:13/00, 472:07/00, 473:c3/00, 474:42/00, 475:6f/00, 476:6f/00
, 477:74/00, 478:20/00, 479:65/00, 480:72/00, 481:72/00, 482:6f/00
, 483:72/00, 484:0d/00, 485:0a/00, 504:fe/00, 505:02/00, 506:b2/00
, 507:3e/00, 508:18/00, 509:37/00
Not automatically fixing this.
Boot sector contents:
System ID "SYSLINUX"
Media byte 0xf8 (hard disk)
512 bytes per logical sector
2048 bytes per cluster
32 reserved sectors
First FAT starts at byte 16384 (sector 32)
2 FATs, 32 bit entries
15604224 bytes per FAT (= 30477 sectors)
Root directory start at cluster 2 (arbitrary size)
Data area starts at byte 31224832 (sector 60986)
3901041 data clusters (7989331968 bytes)
63 sectors/track, 255 heads
2048 hidden sectors
15665152 sectors total
Reclaiming unconnected clusters.
Checking free cluster summary.
/dev/sdb1: 248 files, 504715/3901041 clusters
shrink file system 00:00:02 ( ERROR )
using libparted
libparted messages ( INFO )
GNU Parted cannot resize this partition to this size. We're working on it!
========================================
Create Primary Partition #1 (ext4, 4.88 GiB) on /dev/sdb
========================================
答案1
谢谢大家！我确实使用了 Fabby 的建议并运行了chkdsk，并且出现了 Windows 已更正的错误，但它并没有解决我遇到的问题。
我认为问题可能出在 U 盘本身，所以我用另一个 U 盘替换它并重复步骤（格式化为 FAT32，安装可启动的持久性 Ubuntu，删除 casper-rw 文件，使用 GParted 实时 CD 重新调整大小并创建名为 casper-rw 的新目录）。
这次成功了！
答案2
这似乎是一个 漏洞使用 Ubuntu 14.04 中的特定版本gparted。使用 Ubuntu 14.04 调整 fat32 分区大小时也报告反复失败在这个 Askubuntu 问题中。
解决方案（对我来说）非常简单。在另一台机器上或从 liveusb 使用 Ubuntu 12.04 或更早版本。我能够毫无问题地缩小拇指驱动器上的 fat32 分区。
答案3
Linuxfschk无法可靠地修复所有 FAT 错误。如果您有 Windows 计算机，请在该计算机上执行 USB 驱动器号chkdsk /f x:在哪里，然后再次调整大小。x
如果您无权访问 Windows 计算机，请下载自由DOS。
答案4
我刚刚git在 Ubuntu 14.04 上从源代码构建了 libparted/Gparted，似乎 FAT32 调整大小功能可以与之配合使用；YMMV。以下是我的笔记（例如，我在/tmp这里工作，我没有进行安装；也抱歉弄得这么乱）：
cd /tmp
## https://git.gnome.org/browse/gparted/tree/README
## c. Building using a Specific (lib)parted Version
git clone git://git.debian.org/git/parted/parted.git parted_git
cd parted_git/
# WARNING: USING PARTED TO PERFORM FILE SYSTEM OPERATIONS IS NO LONGER SUPPORTED
#./bootstrap
#./bootstrap: Error: 'gperf' not found
#./bootstrap: Error: 'makeinfo' not found
# ./bootstrap: Please install the prerequisite programs
sudo apt-get install gperf
sudo apt-get install texinfo # makeinfo; WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated: libxml-libxml-perl
./bootstrap
#./configure
# configure: error: libdevmapper could not be found,
# sudo apt-get install libdevmapper1.02.1 - already the newest version.
sudo apt-get install libdevmapper-dev # WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! - libsepol1-dev libselinux1-dev
# configure: error: termcap could not be found
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
# sudo apt-get install libreadline6 - already newest
sudo apt-get install libreadline6-dev
./configure
#make
# ui.c:1477:41: error: 'CPPFunction' undeclared (first use in this function)
# https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741767
sed -i 's/CPPFunction/rl_completion_func_t/' ./parted/ui.c
make
# built now... ./libparted/.libs/libparted.so; ./libparted/fs/.libs/libparted-fs-resize.so; ./parted/parted
# $ ./parted/parted --version # parted (GNU parted) 3.1.52-1c659-dirty; bash shell script
cd ..
git clone git://git.gnome.org/gparted gparted_git
cd gparted_git
#./autogen.sh
# You need to install gnome-common
sudo apt-get install gnome-common
# Cannot find file: gnome-doc-utils.make
# You need to install gnome-doc-utils
sudo apt-get install gnome-doc-utils
# configure: error: *** libuuid not found.
# sudo apt-get install libuuid1 - installed
# sudo apt-get install libuuidm-ocaml-dev - no dice; removed
sudo apt-get install uuid-dev # WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated?
# configure: error: *** libparted not found. --- build parted; use env vars CPPFLAGS etc...
# **Warning**: I am going to run `configure' with no arguments.
# If you wish to pass any to it, please specify them on the
# `./autogen.sh' command line.
# checking for libparted >= 1.7.1 (querying pkg-config)... 3.1.52-1c659-dirty #(otherwise trusty 2.3-19ubuntu1.14.04.1)
# No package 'gtkmm-2.4' found
# sudo apt-get install libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a - is already the newest version.
sudo apt-get install libgtkmm-2.4-dev
# https://mail.gnome.org/archives/commits-list/2012-March/msg01187.html
# The parted-3.1 release brings back FAT16/FAT32 and HFS/HFS+ file
# system resize capabilities in a new libparted fs resize library.
CPPFLAGS=-I/tmp/parted_git/include \
LDFLAGS="-L/tmp/parted_git/libparted/.libs -L/tmp/parted_git/libparted/fs/.libs" \
LD_RUN_PATH=/tmp/parted_git/libparted/.libs:/tmp/parted_git/libparted/fs/.libs \
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tmp/parted_git \
./autogen.sh --enable-online-resize
# --- Features Based On Libparted Version ---
# Need delete old partitions before
# creating a loop table workaround? : no
# Need partition table re-read workaround? : no
# Supports large sector sizes (> 512 bytes)? : yes
# Have old libparted file system resizing API? : no
# Have new libparted file system resizing LIB? : yes
# Enable online resize support? : yes
#
make #-j 2
# file gparted: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable; /usr/local/sbin/gpartedbin: not found
# file ./src/gpartedbin: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable, with very long lines
# file ./src/.libs/gpartedbin: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (GNU/Linux), dynamically linked (uses shared libs),...
# version is GParted 0.26.0-git
gksu ./src/gpartedbin
#======================
#libparted : 3.1.52-1c659-dirty
#======================
# clean up:
sudo apt-get remove --purge gperf texinfo libdevmapper-dev libncurses5-dev libreadline6-dev && sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
sudo apt-get remove --purge gnome-common gnome-doc-utils uuid-dev libgtkmm-2.4-dev && sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
# gksu ./src/gpartedbin still works...