我刚刚将笔记本电脑更新到 Ubuntu 16.04，现在我发现了以下问题。在随机时刻（但当某些图形活动正在进行时，例如打开窗口），显示乱码并且计算机冻结。唯一能做的就是强行关闭电源；当然，这会丢失可能存在的任何内核日志条目。
我该怎么办？ dmesg（启动后）列出了一些与图形相关的不祥的堆栈跟踪：
[ 2.220658] [drm] initialized overlay support
[ 2.220751] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20151010 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0
[ 2.240350] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.240439] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:1215
5 intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]()
[ 2.240443] WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc)
[ 2.240446] Modules linked in:
[ 2.240449] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea m
ii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.240477] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Not tainted 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.240481] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.240489] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.240492] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae39a0 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.240498] ffff880035ae39e8 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae39d8 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.240503] ffff880034e08800 ffff880034e0a800 ffff880034e08800 0000000000000000
[ 2.240508] Call Trace:
[ 2.240516] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.240522] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.240526] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.240569] [<ffffffffc0045f9d>] ? drm_atomic_add_affected_planes+0x7d/0xd0 [drm]
[ 2.240628] [<ffffffffc01b356d>] intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.240657] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.240686] [<ffffffffc0046cfd>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x2d/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.240715] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.240773] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.240833] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.240861] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.240884] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240896] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240910] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240967] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.240972] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.240977] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.240981] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.240986] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.240990] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.240994] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241000] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.241004] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241008] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab07 ]---
[ 2.241013] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.241072] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:11693 intel_plane_atomic_calc_changes+0x567/0x6c0 [i915]()
[ 2.241075] WARN_ON(was_visible)
[ 2.241077] Modules linked in:
[ 2.241079] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.241103] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.241106] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.241111] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.241114] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae3888 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.241119] ffff880035ae38d0 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae38c0 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.241124] 0000000000000001 ffff8800356ed000 ffff880034da9540 ffff88003545f800
[ 2.241129] Call Trace:
[ 2.241133] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.241137] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.241141] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.241199] [<ffffffffc01b8e87>] intel_plane_atomic_calc_changes+0x567/0x6c0 [i915]
[ 2.241211] [<ffffffffc00da33b>] ? drm_plane_helper_check_update+0xdb/0x190 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241268] [<ffffffffc01991d0>] intel_plane_atomic_check+0x140/0x1f0 [i915]
[ 2.241281] [<ffffffffc00e1a68>] drm_atomic_helper_check_planes+0x48/0x1c0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241339] [<ffffffffc01b3400>] intel_atomic_check+0x190/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.241367] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.241396] [<ffffffffc0046cfd>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x2d/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.241425] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.241482] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.241542] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.241571] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.241583] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241595] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241608] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241666] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.241671] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.241675] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.241679] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.241683] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.241687] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.241691] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241695] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.241699] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241702] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab08 ]---
[ 2.352069] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.352171] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:12732 intel_modeset_check_state+0x563/0x8a0 [i915]()
[ 2.352176] encoder's enabled state mismatch (expected 0, found 1)
[ 2.352179] Modules linked in: ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.352221] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.352225] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.352235] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.352240] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae3960 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.352248] ffff880035ae39a8 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae3998 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.352254] ffff880034e08b18 ffff880035589600 ffff880034e08b48 ffff880034e08b30
[ 2.352261] Call Trace:
[ 2.352272] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.352279] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.352285] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.352347] [<ffffffffc01ef9f7>] ? intel_tv_get_hw_state+0x27/0x50 [i915]
[ 2.352394] [<ffffffffc01a6433>] intel_modeset_check_state+0x563/0x8a0 [i915]
[ 2.352440] [<ffffffffc01b1bcb>] intel_atomic_commit+0x4bb/0x6f0 [i915]
[ 2.352472] [<ffffffffc0046c47>] drm_atomic_commit+0x37/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.352518] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.352566] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.352589] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.352606] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352615] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352626] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352672] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.352676] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.352680] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.352683] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.352687] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.352690] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.352693] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.352698] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.352701] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.352704] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab09 ]---
[ 2.380278] firewire_core 0000:02:06.1: created device fw0: GUID 00023f9929c9140e, S400
[ 2.424067] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.424151] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:12155 intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]()
[ 2.424156] WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc)
[ 2.424159] Modules linked in:
[ 2.424163] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.424196] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.424201] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.424208] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.424213] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae39e8 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.424220] ffff880035ae3a30 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae3a20 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.424227] ffff880034e08800 ffff880034e0a800 ffff880034e08800 0000000000000000
[ 2.424234] Call Trace:
[ 2.424241] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.424248] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.424253] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.424261] [<ffffffff811eebf4>] ? __kmalloc_track_caller+0x1b4/0x250
[ 2.424330] [<ffffffffc01b356d>] intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.424356] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.424380] [<ffffffffc0046cf0>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x20/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.424402] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.424449] [<ffffffffc01b7460>] intel_release_load_detect_pipe+0x120/0x160 [i915]
[ 2.424497] [<ffffffffc01f0aeb>] intel_tv_detect+0x33b/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.424508] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424517] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424528] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424575] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.424578] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.424582] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.424585] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.424588] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.424591] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.424595] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.424599] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.424602] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.424605] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab0a ]---
还有一些（但它们看起来非常相似）。
打字lshw -c video我得到这个：
$ sudo lshw -c video
*-display:0
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f4400000-f447ffff ioport:4000(size=8) memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f4480000-f44bffff
*-display:1 UNCLAIMED
description: Display controller
product: Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f4500000-f457ffff
重新安装 X 驱动程序，如下所示16.04 - 如何清除英特尔默认驱动程序并重新安装英特尔图形驱动程序没有帮助。在以前的 Ubuntu 版本下，这个问题并不存在，尽管一些 3D 操作（例如旋转桌面立方体）没有完全正确地进行透视变换。
答案1
这对我有用：
打开软件和更新
前往其他司机
选择英特尔显卡
重启电脑/笔记本电脑