libfreetype6和软件包的新版本libfreetype6-dev可用于修复[USN-3263-1] FreeType vulnerability。当我尝试正常升级时，这些软件包被阻止：
user@host:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
如果我尝试libfreetype6手动升级，很多软件包会被标记为删除：
user@host:~$ sudo apt-get install libfreetype6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
fonts-horai-umefont fonts-unfonts-core glib-networking:i386
gnome-exe-thumbnailer icoutils libaio1:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386
libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386
libatk-bridge2.0-0:i386 libatk1.0-0:i386 libatspi2.0-0:i386
libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386
libboost-filesystem1.58.0:i386 libboost-system1.58.0:i386 libcapi20-3
libcapi20-3:i386 libcolord2:i386 libcups2:i386 libdatrie1:i386 libdb5.3:i386
libdbus-1-3:i386 libegl1-mesa:i386 libepoxy0:i386 libexif12:i386
libflac8:i386 libgbm1:i386 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 libgif7:i386
libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgmp10:i386 libgnutls30:i386
libgphoto2-port12:i386 libgraphite2-3:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386
libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386
libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhogweed4:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386
libice6:i386 libicu55:i386 libidn11:i386 libieee1284-3:i386
libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386
libjson-c2:i386 libjson-glib-1.0-0:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386
libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386
libldap-2.4-2:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmirclient9:i386 libmircommon5:i386
libmirprotobuf3:i386 libmpg123-0:i386 libnettle6:i386 libnotify4:i386
libodbc1 libogg0:i386 libopenal1:i386 libosmesa6 libosmesa6:i386
libp11-kit-gnome-keyring:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 libpango-1.0-0:i386
libpixman-1-0:i386 libpng12-0:i386 libportaudio2:i386
libprotobuf-lite9v5:i386 libproxy1v5:i386 libpulse0:i386 librest-0.7-0:i386
libroken18-heimdal:i386 libsamplerate0:i386 libsasl2-2:i386
libsasl2-modules:i386 libsasl2-modules-db:i386 libsdl2-2.0-0:i386
libsm6:i386 libsndfile1:i386 libsndio6.1:i386 libsoundtouch1:i386
libsoup-gnome2.4-1:i386 libsoup2.4-1:i386 libspeexdsp1:i386
libsqlite3-0:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libsystemd0:i386 libtasn1-6:i386
libthai0:i386 libtiff5:i386 libusb-1.0-0:i386 libv4l-0:i386
libv4lconvert0:i386 libvorbis0a:i386 libvorbisenc2:i386 libvpx3:i386
libwayland-client0:i386 libwayland-cursor0:i386 libwayland-egl1-mesa:i386
libwayland-server0:i386 libwind0-heimdal:i386 libwrap0:i386
libwxbase3.0-0v5:i386 libxcb-render0:i386 libxcb-shm0:i386
libxcb-xfixes0:i386 libxcomposite1:i386 libxcursor1:i386 libxi6:i386
libxkbcommon0:i386 libxml2:i386 libxpm4:i386 libxrandr2:i386
libxrender1:i386 libxslt1.1:i386 libxss1:i386 libxt6:i386
ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386 odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 p11-kit-modules:i386 p7zip
unixodbc wine-gecko2.21 wine-gecko2.21:i386 wine-mono0.0.8 winetricks
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libfreetype6-dev
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libcairo-gobject2:i386 libcairo2:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386
libgd3:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgtk-3-0:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386
libharfbuzz0b:i386 libpangocairo-1.0-0:i386 libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386
libsane:i386 libwxgtk3.0-0v5:i386 notification-daemon:i386 pcsx2:i386 wine
wine1.6 wine1.6-amd64 wine1.6-i386:i386
The following packages will be upgraded:
libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 19 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,271 kB of archives.
After this operation, 309 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.
尝试 dist-upgrade 产生类似的结果：
user@host:~$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
fonts-horai-umefont fonts-unfonts-core glib-networking:i386
gnome-exe-thumbnailer icoutils libaio1:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386
libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386
libatk-bridge2.0-0:i386 libatk1.0-0:i386 libatspi2.0-0:i386
libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386
libboost-filesystem1.58.0:i386 libboost-system1.58.0:i386 libcapi20-3
libcapi20-3:i386 libcolord2:i386 libcups2:i386 libdatrie1:i386 libdb5.3:i386
libdbus-1-3:i386 libegl1-mesa:i386 libepoxy0:i386 libexif12:i386
libflac8:i386 libgbm1:i386 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 libgif7:i386
libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgmp10:i386 libgnutls30:i386
libgphoto2-port12:i386 libgraphite2-3:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386
libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386
libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhogweed4:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386
libice6:i386 libicu55:i386 libidn11:i386 libieee1284-3:i386
libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386
libjson-c2:i386 libjson-glib-1.0-0:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386
libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386
libldap-2.4-2:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmirclient9:i386 libmircommon5:i386
libmirprotobuf3:i386 libmpg123-0:i386 libnettle6:i386 libnotify4:i386
libodbc1 libogg0:i386 libopenal1:i386 libosmesa6 libosmesa6:i386
libp11-kit-gnome-keyring:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 libpango-1.0-0:i386
libpixman-1-0:i386 libpng12-0:i386 libportaudio2:i386
libprotobuf-lite9v5:i386 libproxy1v5:i386 libpulse0:i386 librest-0.7-0:i386
libroken18-heimdal:i386 libsamplerate0:i386 libsasl2-2:i386
libsasl2-modules:i386 libsasl2-modules-db:i386 libsdl2-2.0-0:i386
libsm6:i386 libsndfile1:i386 libsndio6.1:i386 libsoundtouch1:i386
libsoup-gnome2.4-1:i386 libsoup2.4-1:i386 libspeexdsp1:i386
libsqlite3-0:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libsystemd0:i386 libtasn1-6:i386
libthai0:i386 libtiff5:i386 libusb-1.0-0:i386 libv4l-0:i386
libv4lconvert0:i386 libvorbis0a:i386 libvorbisenc2:i386 libvpx3:i386
libwayland-client0:i386 libwayland-cursor0:i386 libwayland-egl1-mesa:i386
libwayland-server0:i386 libwind0-heimdal:i386 libwrap0:i386
libwxbase3.0-0v5:i386 libxcb-render0:i386 libxcb-shm0:i386
libxcb-xfixes0:i386 libxcomposite1:i386 libxcursor1:i386 libxi6:i386
libxkbcommon0:i386 libxml2:i386 libxpm4:i386 libxrandr2:i386
libxrender1:i386 libxslt1.1:i386 libxss1:i386 libxt6:i386
ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386 odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 p11-kit-modules:i386 p7zip
unixodbc wine-gecko2.21 wine-gecko2.21:i386 wine-mono0.0.8 winetricks
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libcairo-gobject2:i386 libcairo2:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386
libgd3:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgtk-3-0:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386
libharfbuzz0b:i386 libpangocairo-1.0-0:i386 libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386
libsane:i386 libwxgtk3.0-0v5:i386 notification-daemon:i386 pcsx2:i386 wine
wine1.6 wine1.6-amd64 wine1.6-i386:i386
The following packages will be upgraded:
libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 19 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,271 kB of archives.
After this operation, 309 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.
输出apt-cache madison libfreetype6 | grep -vi source：
user@host:~$ apt-cache madison libfreetype6 | grep -vi source
libfreetype6 | 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2.2 | http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
libfreetype6 | 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2.2 | http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages
libfreetype6 | 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2 | http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
我想保留标记为删除的 wine 包。查看wine1.6-amd64包的依赖关系显示这libfreetype6只是一个建议：
user@host:~$ apt-cache depends wine1.6-amd64
wine1.6-amd64
PreDepends: dpkg
dpkg:armhf
Depends: libasound2
Depends: libc6
Depends: libgcc1
|Depends: libglu1-mesa
Depends: <libglu1>
libglu1-mesa
Depends: libgphoto2-6
Depends: libgphoto2-port12
Depends: liblcms2-2
Depends: libldap-2.4-2
Depends: libmpg123-0
Depends: libopenal1
Depends: libx11-6
Depends: libxext6
Depends: libxml2
|Depends: ocl-icd-libopencl1
Depends: <libopencl1>
ocl-icd-libopencl1
nvidia-libopencl1-304
nvidia-libopencl1-340
nvidia-libopencl1-370
nvidia-libopencl1-375
nvidia-libopencl1-378
nvidia-libopencl1-381
|Depends: ocl-icd-libopencl1
Depends: <libopencl-1.1-1>
ocl-icd-libopencl1
Depends: zlib1g
Depends: <wine1.6:any>
wine1.6
Depends: libncurses5
Conflicts: <wine-amd64>
Recommends: libasound2-plugins
Recommends: libcapi20-3
Recommends: libcups2
Recommends: libdbus-1-3
|Recommends: libfontconfig1
Recommends: <libfontconfig>
libfontconfig1
Recommends: libfreetype6
Recommends: libgif7
Recommends: libgnutls30
Recommends: libjpeg8
Recommends: libosmesa6
Recommends: libp11-kit-gnome-keyring
Recommends: libpng12-0
Recommends: libpulse0
Recommends: libsane
Recommends: libtiff5
Recommends: libv4l-0
Recommends: libxcomposite1
Recommends: libxcursor1
Recommends: libxi6
Recommends: libxinerama1
Recommends: libxrandr2
Recommends: libxrender1
Recommends: libxslt1.1
Recommends: libxt6
Recommends: libxxf86vm1
Recommends: p11-kit-modules
Recommends: unixodbc
Recommends: wine-gecko2.21
Recommends: wine-mono0.0.8
Replaces: <wine-amd64>
wine1.6-amd64
Replaces: wine1.4-amd64
wine1.6-amd64
Replaces: <wine1.5-amd64>
wine1.6-amd64
尝试libfreetype6手动删除会产生以下输出：
user@host:~$ sudo apt-get remove libfreetype6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ant : Depends: default-jre-headless but it is not going to be installed or
java5-runtime-headless or
java6-runtime-headless or
java7-runtime-headless
libqt5gui5 : Depends: fontconfig
Depends: libfontconfig1 (>= 2.11.94) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libfreetype6 (>= 2.3.5) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libharfbuzz0b (>= 0.9.11) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: libqt5svg5 but it is not going to be installed
libsane : Depends: libgphoto2-6 (>= 2.5.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
我怎样才能libfreetype6在不卸载 wine 的情况下升级软件包？
答案1
感谢@Ravexina 和@user.dz。
发现我的/etc/apt/sources.list和/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*文件的形式为：
deb [arch=amd64] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
将这些文件中的所有行更改为以下形式后：
deb [arch=amd64,i386] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
libfreetype6通过更新软件包并保留 wine，问题已得到解决。
我[arch=amd64]过去曾将这些部分添加到这些文件中，以抑制我在更新软件包列表时收到的警告。根据Debian Multiarch 指南这将覆盖 dpkg 报告的默认体系结构。只需[arch=amd64]从所有行中删除该部分即可达到相同的效果，因为体系结构优先级由以下因素决定：
[arch=]在 sources.list 中- 适当设置：
APT::Architecture=<arch> - dpkg 设置：
dpkg --print-foreign-architectures