上周的某个时候，我的声音输出从 gnome 中的声音设置面板中消失了。只剩下 HDMI 输出。
缩写的 alsa-info.sh 输出：
upload=true&script=true&cardinfo=
!!################################
!!ALSA Information Script v 0.4.64
!!################################
!!Script ran on: Mon Oct 9 08:35:32 UTC 2017
!!Linux Distribution
!!------------------
Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS \n \l DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS" NAME="Ubuntu" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS" HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial
!!DMI Information
!!---------------
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: Precision M4800
Product Version: 01
Firmware Version: A14
Board Vendor: Dell Inc.
Board Name: 0X3C7N
!!ACPI Device Status Information
!!---------------
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/ACPI0003:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/DELLABCE:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/DLLK05CC:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/INT33CA:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/INT3F0D:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0103:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0401:00/status 13
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C01:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C04:00/status 31
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C09:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0A:00/status 31
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0A:01/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:00/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:01/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:02/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:03/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:04/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:05/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:06/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:07/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/SMO8810:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:01/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:05/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:07/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:09/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:0d/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:2a/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:2b/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:2c/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:2d/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:2e/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:2f/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:30/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:31/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:32/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:33/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:34/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:36/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:37/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:38/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:39/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:3a/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:3b/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:3c/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:3d/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:3e/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:3f/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:41/status 15
!!Kernel Information
!!------------------
Kernel release: 4.4.0-96-generic
Operating System: GNU/Linux
Architecture: x86_64
Processor: x86_64
SMP Enabled: Yes
!!ALSA Version
!!------------
Driver version: k4.4.0-96-generic
Library version: 1.1.0
Utilities version: 1.1.0
!!Loaded ALSA modules
!!-------------------
snd_hda_intel
!!Sound Servers on this system
!!----------------------------
Pulseaudio:
Installed - Yes (/usr/bin/pulseaudio)
Running - Yes
!!Soundcards recognised by ALSA
!!-----------------------------
1 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA ATI HDMI
HDA ATI HDMI at 0xf7e60000 irq 32
!!PCI Soundcards installed in the system
!!--------------------------------------
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Cape Verde/Pitcairn HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 7700/7800 Series]
!!Advanced information - PCI Vendor/Device/Subsystem ID's
!!-------------------------------------------------------
00:1b.0 0403: 8086:8c20 (rev 04)
Subsystem: 1028:05cc
--
01:00.1 0403: 1002:aab0
Subsystem: 1028:15cc
!!Modprobe options (Sound related)
!!--------------------------------
snd_pcsp: index=-2
snd_usb_audio: index=-2
snd_atiixp_modem: index=-2
snd_intel8x0m: index=-2
snd_via82xx_modem: index=-2
snd_atiixp_modem: index=-2
snd_intel8x0m: index=-2
snd_via82xx_modem: index=-2
snd_usb_audio: index=-2
snd_usb_caiaq: index=-2
snd_usb_ua101: index=-2
snd_usb_us122l: index=-2
snd_usb_usx2y: index=-2
snd_cmipci: mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
snd_pcsp: index=-2
snd_usb_audio: index=-2
!!Loaded sound module options
!!---------------------------
!!Module: snd_hda_intel
align_buffer_size : -1
bdl_pos_adj : 1,32,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
beep_mode : N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N
enable : Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y
enable_msi : -1
id : (null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null)
index : -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
jackpoll_ms : 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
model : (null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null)
patch : (null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null)
position_fix : -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
power_save : 0
power_save_controller : Y
probe_mask : -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
probe_only : 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
single_cmd : N
snoop : -1
!!HDA-Intel Codec information
!!---------------------------
--startcollapse--
Codec: ATI R6xx HDMI
Address: 0
AFG Function Id: 0x1 (unsol 0)
Vendor Id: 0x1002aa01
Subsystem Id: 0x00aa0100
Revision Id: 0x100300
No Modem Function Group found
Default PCM:
rates [0x70]: 32000 44100 48000
bits [0x2]: 16
formats [0x1]: PCM
Default Amp-In caps: N/A
Default Amp-Out caps: N/A
State of AFG node 0x01:
Power states: D0 D3 CLKSTOP EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0, Clock-stop-OK
GPIO: io=0, o=0, i=0, unsolicited=0, wake=0
Node 0x02 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x221: Stereo Digital Stripe
Converter: stream=1, channel=0
Digital: Enabled GenLevel
Digital category: 0x2
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
Node 0x03 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400381: Stereo Digital
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=0, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=0, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=0, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
Control: name="ELD", index=0, device=3
Pincap 0x00000094: OUT Detect HDMI
Pin Default 0x185600f0: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=01, enabled=1
Connection: 1
0x02
Node 0x04 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x221: Stereo Digital Stripe
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
Node 0x05 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400381: Stereo Digital
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=1, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=1, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=1, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=1, device=0
Control: name="ELD", index=0, device=7
Pincap 0x00000094: OUT Detect HDMI
Pin Default 0x185600f0: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=02, enabled=1
Connection: 1
0x04
Node 0x06 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x221: Stereo Digital Stripe
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
Node 0x07 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400381: Stereo Digital
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=2, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=2, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=2, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=2, device=0
Control: name="ELD", index=0, device=8
Pincap 0x00000094: OUT Detect HDMI
Pin Default 0x185600f0: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=03, enabled=1
Connection: 1
0x06
Node 0x08 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x221: Stereo Digital Stripe
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
Node 0x09 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400381: Stereo Digital
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=3, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=3, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=3, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=3, device=0
Control: name="ELD", index=0, device=9
Pincap 0x00000094: OUT Detect HDMI
Pin Default 0x185600f0: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=04, enabled=1
Connection: 1
0x08
Node 0x0a [Audio Output] wcaps 0x221: Stereo Digital Stripe
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
Node 0x0b [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400381: Stereo Digital
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=4, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=4, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=4, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=4, device=0
Control: name="ELD", index=0, device=10
Pincap 0x00000094: OUT Detect HDMI
Pin Default 0x185600f0: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=05, enabled=1
Connection: 1
0x0a
Node 0x0c [Audio Output] wcaps 0x221: Stereo Digital Stripe
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
Node 0x0d [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400381: Stereo Digital
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=5, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=5, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=5, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=5, device=0
Control: name="ELD", index=0, device=11
Pincap 0x00000094: OUT Detect HDMI
Pin Default 0x185600f0: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=06, enabled=1
Connection: 1
0x0c
--endcollapse--
!!ALSA Device nodes
!!-----------------
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 2 Oct 9 10:22 /dev/snd/controlC1
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 9 Oct 9 10:22 /dev/snd/hwC1D0
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 7 Oct 9 10:23 /dev/snd/pcmC1D10p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 8 Oct 9 10:23 /dev/snd/pcmC1D11p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 3 Oct 9 10:30 /dev/snd/pcmC1D3p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 4 Oct 9 10:23 /dev/snd/pcmC1D7p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 5 Oct 9 10:23 /dev/snd/pcmC1D8p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 6 Oct 9 10:23 /dev/snd/pcmC1D9p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 1 Oct 9 10:34 /dev/snd/seq
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 33 Oct 9 10:22 /dev/snd/timer
/dev/snd/by-path:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 Oct 9 10:22 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 260 Oct 9 10:22 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Oct 9 10:22 pci-0000:01:00.1 -> ../controlC1
!!Aplay/Arecord output
!!--------------------
APLAY
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
ARECORD
**** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices ****
!!Amixer output
!!-------------
!!-------Mixer controls for card 1 [HDMI]
Card hw:1 'HDMI'/'HDA ATI HDMI at 0xf7e60000 irq 32'
Mixer name : 'ATI R6xx HDMI'
Components : 'HDA:1002aa01,00aa0100,00100300'
Controls : 42
Simple ctrls : 6
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',1
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',2
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',3
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',4
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',5
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
基本上它似乎识别了声卡：00：1b.0音频设备：英特尔公司 8 系列/C220 系列芯片组高清晰度音频控制器（rev 04）
但它不将其用作输出。我尝试重置脉冲音频配置，但没有任何效果。
我从实时 USB 驱动器启动，但仍然无法正常工作。我也尝试重置 BIOS：
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/asound/cards
1 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA ATI HDMI
HDA ATI HDMI at 0xf7e60000 irq 32
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lspci | grep -i audio
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Cape Verde/Pitcairn HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 7700/7800 Series]
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ aplay /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav
Playing WAVE '/usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav' : Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 48000 Hz, Mono
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ echo normal:; aplay -l; echo sudo:; sudo aplay -l
normal:
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
sudo:
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
该卡被 lspci 识别，但仅识别 hdmi 播放设备。
答案1
这是硬件缺陷。更换主板即可解决。