我正在努力通过 Lan 在两台 Ubuntu 17.04 机器之间共享文件夹。
我首先尝试了 Nautilus 公共共享方法，但当我无法双向浏览文件夹时，我转而使用 Samba。据我所知，两个 Samba 安装几乎相同；我在机器之间复制了 smb.conf 几次，但没有任何效果。
我可以在“其他地点' 在 Nautilus 中，可以从笔记本电脑浏览桌面的共享文件夹，但不能反过来。
跑步：
john@Laptop:~$ smbclient -L //192.168.20.136 -U john
在我的笔记本电脑上，它生成了预期的共享资源列表。在台式机上，它生成了一个错误：
john@Desktop:~$ smbclient -L //192.168.20.102 -U john
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Enter john2's password:
Connection to 192.168.20.102 failed (Error NT_STATUS_HOST_UNREACHABLE)
我正在使用passdb 后端 = tdbsam但改用密码保护程序把事情简单化却没有任何效果。
防火墙已关闭；GUFW 报告两台机器正在使用相同的端口。
名称解析正在运行；我可以 ping 网络名称。我检查了 Wireshark，发现 Samba 正在从台式机到笔记本电脑进行通信，反之亦然。
我设置系统日志 = 3在smb配置文件在两台机器上查看了它们的 journalctrl、auth.log、/var/log/samba/log.smbd、/var/log/samba/log.nmbd，没有发现与连接失败有关的任何内容。
唯一的小问题是两台机器轮流充当工作组的本地主浏览器；我提高了桌面的优先级以避免这种情况，但这种行为仍在继续。
这看起来像是某种授权问题，所以我在笔记本电脑上设置了第二个用户帐户来测试干净的设置，但得到的结果与之前相同。
当台式机的 Samba 尝试访问笔记本电脑的共享文件夹时，如何才能仔细观察发生的情况？
john@Laptop:/etc/samba$ samba -V
Version 4.5.8-Ubuntu
桌面smb.conf：
john@Desktop:~$ testparm -s
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Processing section "[Public]"
Processing section "[Documents]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
# Global parameters
[global]
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
workgroup = office-design
os level = 33
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 1000
syslog = 3
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
usershare allow guests = Yes
usershare owner only = No
printcap name = CUPS
name resolve order = bcast lmhosts hosts wins
map to guest = Bad User
obey pam restrictions = Yes
pam password change = Yes
passdb backend = smbpasswd
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
security = USER
server role = standalone server
unix password sync = Yes
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
dns proxy = No
idmap config * : backend = tdb
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = No
printable = Yes
create mask = 0700
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
[Public]
path = /home/nicole/Public
read only = No
[Documents]
path = /home/john/Documents
read only = No
valid users = john john2
桌面 smbtree；没有可见的笔记本电脑资源：
john@Desktop:~$ smbtree
Enter john's password:
OFFICE-DESIGN
\\DESKTOP Desktop server (Samba, Ubuntu)
\\DESKTOP\Downloads
\\DESKTOP\Pictures
\\DESKTOP\PDF PDF
\\DESKTOP\IX6500 IX6500
\\DESKTOP\Canon-PIXMA-iX6560 Canon PIXMA iX6560
\\DESKTOP\Canon-iX6500-series Canon iX6500 series
\\DESKTOP\iX6500-series Canon iX6500 series
\\DESKTOP\Canon-iX6500-series-2 Canon iX6500 series
\\DESKTOP\IPC$ IPC Service (Desktop server (Samba, Ubuntu))
\\DESKTOP\Documents
\\DESKTOP\Public
\\DESKTOP\print$ Printer Drivers
\\LAPTOP laptop server (Samba, Ubuntu)
桌面 smbd；没有错误。桌面 nmbd 错误：
john@Desktop:~$ systemctl status nmbd.service
● nmbd.service - Samba NMB Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nmbd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-12-19 11:52:52 +07; 20min ago
Docs: man:nmbd(8)
man:samba(7)
man:smb.conf(5)
Main PID: 25317 (nmbd)
Status: "nmbd: ready to serve connections..."
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
CGroup: /system.slice/nmbd.service
└─25317 /usr/sbin/nmbd
Dec 19 12:09:58 Desktop nmbd[25317]:
Dec 19 12:09:58 Desktop nmbd[25317]: Samba name server DESKTOP has stopped being a local master browser for workgroup OFFICE-DESIGN on subnet 192.168
Dec 19 12:09:58 Desktop nmbd[25317]:
Dec 19 12:09:58 Desktop nmbd[25317]: *****
Dec 19 12:10:15 Desktop nmbd[25317]: [2017/12/19 12:10:15.371279, 0] ../source3/nmbd/nmbd_become_lmb.c:397(become_local_master_stage2)
Dec 19 12:10:15 Desktop nmbd[25317]: *****
Dec 19 12:10:15 Desktop nmbd[25317]:
Dec 19 12:10:15 Desktop nmbd[25317]: Samba name server DESKTOP is now a local master browser for workgroup OFFICE-DESIGN on subnet 192.168.20.136
Dec 19 12:10:15 Desktop nmbd[25317]:
Dec 19 12:10:15 Desktop nmbd[25317]: *****
笔记本电脑 smb.conf：
john@laptop:/etc/samba$ testparm -s
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Processing section "[Pictures]"
Processing section "[Documents]"
Processing section "[j2Documents]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
# Global parameters
[global]
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
workgroup = office-design
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 1000
syslog = 3
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
usershare allow guests = Yes
usershare owner only = No
name resolve order = bcast lmhosts hosts wins
map to guest = Bad User
obey pam restrictions = Yes
pam password change = Yes
passdb backend = smbpasswd
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
security = USER
server role = standalone server
unix password sync = Yes
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
dns proxy = No
idmap config * : backend = tdb
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = No
printable = Yes
create mask = 0700
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
[Pictures]
path = /media/john/Home/john/Pictures
read only = No
valid users = @sambashare
[Documents]
path = /home/john/Documents
read only = No
valid users = @sambashare
[j2Documents]
path = /home/john2/Documents
read only = No
valid users = john2
笔记本电脑 smbd 状态；无错误。笔记本电脑 nmbd 状态：
john@laptop:/etc/samba$ systemctl status nmbd.service
● nmbd.service - Samba NMB Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nmbd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-12-20 11:57:37 +07; 1min 38s ago
Docs: man:nmbd(8)
man:samba(7)
man:smb.conf(5)
Main PID: 11314 (nmbd)
Status: "nmbd: ready to serve connections..."
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
CGroup: /system.slice/nmbd.service
└─11314 /usr/sbin/nmbd
Dec 20 11:57:37 laptop systemd[1]: nmbd.service: Supervising process 11314 which is not our child. We'll most likely not notice when it exits.
Dec 20 11:57:37 laptop nmbd[11314]: [2017/12/20 11:57:37.518663, 0] ../lib/util/become_daemon.c:124(daemon_ready)
Dec 20 11:57:37 laptop nmbd[11314]: STATUS=daemon 'nmbd' finished starting up and ready to serve connections
Dec 20 11:57:37 laptop systemd[1]: Started Samba NMB Daemon.
Dec 20 11:58:08 laptop nmbd[11314]: [2017/12/20 11:58:08.875623, 0] ../source3/nmbd/nmbd_become_lmb.c:397(become_local_master_stage2)
Dec 20 11:58:08 laptop nmbd[11314]: *****
Dec 20 11:58:08 laptop nmbd[11314]:
Dec 20 11:58:08 laptop nmbd[11314]: Samba name server LAPTOP is now a local master browser for workgroup OFFICE-DESIGN on subnet 192.168.20.102
Dec 20 11:58:08 laptop nmbd[11314]:
Dec 20 11:58:08 laptop nmbd[11314]: *****
使用 smbclient，我可以在笔记本电脑和台式机上进行本地连接，也可以从笔记本电脑远程连接到台式机，但台式机到笔记本电脑的连接会失败。
本地桌面：
john@Desktop:/etc/samba$ smbclient //192.168.20.136/Documents -U john
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Enter john's password:
Domain=[VIVID-DESIGN] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.5.8-Ubuntu]
smb: \>
台式机到笔记本电脑：
john@Desktop:/etc/samba$ smbclient //192.168.20.102/j2Documents -U john2
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Enter john2's password:
Connection to 192.168.20.102 failed (Error NT_STATUS_HOST_UNREACHABLE)
答案1
解决了有两处变化。
我已将 Firewalld 添加到我的笔记本电脑中，以便使用防火墙小程序显示防火墙状态。虽然 GUFW 显示防火墙已关闭，但网络“编辑连接”（nm-connection-editor）显示我的 WiFi 连接正在使用不同的“防火墙区域”。
我删除了 Gufw 和 Ufw，并设置了 Firewalld 区域，并启用了 mdns（用于 Avahi）、nfs、samba 和 samba-client。
这使得台式机能够使用 Nautilus 浏览笔记本电脑，并通过 smb://Desktop/ 和 CLI smbclient 进行连接。
其次我补充说
可浏览 = 是
到桌面的 smb.conf 共享文件夹。这些文件夹可能已经连接，但这使得可以通过笔记本电脑上的 Nautilus 浏览工作组和共享。
笔记本电脑和台式机现在均可在工作组下（在‘Windows Server’下...）看到，而之前均无法查看。
另外两个更改可能有所帮助。我安装了 Avahi，并编辑了笔记本电脑的 /etc/nsswitch.conf 文件以匹配台式机的，方法是添加我的主机名到最后主办方线。
除了 /var/log/samba/nmbd.log 之外，我没有找到任何来自 Samba 的更有用的日志；将 syslog 设置为 10 对级别 3 的影响不大。