在我安装了“unity-tweak-tool”的语言包和一些简单程序（CopyQ 和类似程序）后，出现了很多问题。
关闭 unity-tweak-tool 后，我发现“unity-tweak-tool”未显示在应用程序列表中。我尝试重新安装“unity-tweak-tool”，但安装失败，并出现错误E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我尝试过
我试图删除它
sudo apt-get remove unity-tweak-tool sudo apt purge unity-tweak-tool sudo apt autoremove sudo apt update sudo apt -f install
尝试通过 aptitude 安装
sudo aptitude install unity-tweak-tool
-
sudo apt-get install --fix-broken
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get -f install
清除上次安装。（来自：https://ubuntu-mate.community/t/cant-install-unity-tweak-tool-not-working/7090）
sudo apt purge libqgsttools-p1 qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets khelpcenter libkf5attica5 libqt5clucene5 libqt5svg5 qml-module-qtquick-window2 libqt5test5 qml-module-qtwebkit libkf5i18n-data qml-module-qtquick2 libqt5help5 qml-module-qtquick-controls libqt5multimedia5 libkf5declarative5 qtwayland5 libqt5dbus5 python3-pyqt5 libqt5sql5-sqlite qml-module-qtquick-xmllistmodel qml-module-qtquick-layouts libqt5widgets5 qml-module-qttest libqt5waylandclient5 qml-module-qtquick-dialogs kde-style-qtcurve-qt5 qmlscene libqt5xml5 libqt5quicktest5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5qml5 libqt5designercomponents5 frameworkintegration libqt5gui5 libqt5multimedia5-plugins libqt5quickwidgets5 libqt5x11extras5 libkf5declarative-data libqt5webkit5 libqt5script5 libqt5core5a libkf5iconthemes-data libqt5opengl5 libqt5xmlpatterns5 libkf5iconthemes5 qttools5-dev-tools libqt5network5 libqt5designer5 libqt5positioning5 qtdeclarative5-dev-tools libkf5kiocore5 libqt5quick5 libqt5sql5 libkf5i18n5 libqt5sql5-mysql此后，一些应用程序被损坏。（VLC、CopyQ、Glipper，...）
我尝试重新安装它们，但不起作用。出现了同样的错误。例如 VLC
sudo apt install vlc Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: vlc : Depends: vlc-nox (= 2.2.2-5) but 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.4 is to be installed Depends: libgles1-mesa (>= 7.8.1) but it is not going to be installed or libgles1 Recommends: vlc-plugin-notify (= 2.2.2-5) but it is not going to be installed Recommends: vlc-plugin-samba (= 2.2.2-5) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.重启系统后，“Glipper”自动启动，但它没有显示在应用程序列表中。
我也尝试了“synaptic”（VLC 的结果是：）
还尝试 grep 持有的程序。但是什么也没有显示。
dpkg --get-selections | grep hold
有什么解决办法吗？
答案1
我的问题已经解决。至少对于“VLC”和“unity-tweak-tool”程序而言。
但对于某些程序（如“Foxit Reader PDF”）无法修复。因为它的安装是手动的。（“福柯阅读器”在高亮显示文本或做任何评论时崩溃并关闭）。
问题是“我没有aptitude正确使用命令。”
细节如下：
首先在终端中运行它（注意：您可能需要安装“aptitude”包sudo apt-get install aptitude）
sudo aptitude install vlc
过了一会儿它问：
Keep the following packages at their current version:
1) libgles1-mesa [Not Installed]
2) vlc [Not Installed]
3) vlc-plugin-notify [Not Installed]
4) vlc-plugin-samba [Not Installed]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
答案是n（否）
然后它问：
Remove the following packages:
1) libgl1-mesa-glx:i386
2) libglu1-mesa:i386
3) wine-devel
4) wine-devel-i386:i386
5) wine1.4
6) wine1.4-amd64
7) winehq-devel
Downgrade the following packages:
8) libgl1-mesa-glx [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenia
9) libglapi-mesa [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenial)
10) libglapi-mesa:i386 [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xe
11) libgles2-mesa [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenial)
12) libosmesa6 [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenial)]
13) libosmesa6:i386 [17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (now) -> 11.2.0-1ubuntu2 (xenia
14) libvlccore8 [2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.4 (now) -> 2.2.2-5 (xenial)]
15) vlc-data [2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.4 (now) -> 2.2.2-5 (xenial)]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
回答是y（是）
然后问：
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglapi-mesa:i386 libgles2-mesa libosmesa6
libosmesa6:i386 libvlccore8 vlc-data
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libgles1-mesa{a} libqt5x11extras5{a} vlc vlc-nox{a} vlc-plugin-notify{a}
vlc-plugin-samba{a}
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386{a} libglu1-mesa:i386{a} wine-devel{a}
wine-devel-i386:i386{a} wine1.4{a} wine1.4-amd64{a} winehq-devel{a}
0 packages upgraded, 6 newly installed, 8 downgraded, 7 to remove and 42 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,395 kB/12.8 MB of archives. After unpacking 168 MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
再回答y一下。
此后，问题得到解决并且 VLC 已正确安装。
我希望这对其他人也有帮助。
感谢您的关注
答案2
我遇到过类似的情况。我按照以下方式解决了。
我记下了所有“依赖”包，并输入 apt-get install 来安装它们。但当我输入更多“依赖”包时，它又出现了错误。我也记下了它们，并再次输入 apt-get install 来安装它们，依此类推，直到我安装到最后一个包。然后我输入 apt-get remove 来删除我之前记下的所有“依赖”包。之后我运行 apt-get autoremove。然后我就可以安装我需要的包，而不会出现错误。