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如何使定位输出看起来像“ll”或“ls -la”但更漂亮？

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line ls locate
如何使定位输出看起来像“ll”或“ls -la”但更漂亮？

location 命令的输出有点乏味：

$ time locate etc/profile
/etc/profile
/etc/profile.d
/etc/profile.d/appmenu-qt5.sh
/etc/profile.d/apps-bin-path.sh
/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
/etc/profile.d/cedilla-portuguese.sh
/etc/profile.d/jdk.csh
/etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
/etc/profile.d/vte-2.91.sh

real    0m0.696s
user    0m0.671s
sys     0m0.024s

ll我怎样才能向其提供更多信息ls -la？或许还包括标题？

答案1

使用xargs和ls：

$ locate -0 etc/profile | xargs -0 ls -ld
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  575 Oct 23  2015 /etc/profile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 20 10:10 /etc/profile.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   40 Nov 30  2015 /etc/profile.d/appmenu-qt5.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  663 May 18  2016 /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1003 Dec 29  2015 /etc/profile.d/cedilla-portuguese.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   31 Oct 18  2017 /etc/profile.d/go.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  301 Feb 20  2013 /etc/profile.d/jdk.csh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  299 Feb 20  2013 /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  999 Aug 23  2017 /etc/profile.d/libvirt-uri.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1941 Mar 16  2016 /etc/profile.d/vte-2.91.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1557 Apr 15  2016 /etc/profile.d/Z97-byobu.sh

答案2

llocate我为此目的创建了一个脚本：

$ time llocate etc/profile
ACCESS      OWNER  GROUP  SIZE  MODIFIED      NAME (updatdb last ran: 2018-07-01 11:30:05)
-rw-r--r--  root   root   575   Nov 12  2017  /etc/profile
drwxr-xr-x  root   root   4096  Jun  4 17:19  /etc/profile.d
-rw-r--r--  root   root   40    Feb 16  2017  /etc/profile.d/appmenu-qt5.sh
-rw-r--r--  root   root   580   Oct 18  2017  /etc/profile.d/apps-bin-path.sh
-rw-r--r--  root   root   663   May 18  2016  /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
-rw-r--r--  root   root   1003  Dec 29  2015  /etc/profile.d/cedilla-portuguese.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  root   root   301   Feb 20  2013  /etc/profile.d/jdk.csh
-rwxr-xr-x  root   root   299   Feb 20  2013  /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
-rw-r--r--  root   root   1941  Mar 16  2016  /etc/profile.d/vte-2.91.sh

real    0m0.760s
user    0m0.754s
sys     0m0.020s

.76运行它需要几秒的时间，而.70常规locate命令则需要几秒。两者之间的差异可以忽略不计。

Bash 脚本

bash 代码相当简单。将下面的脚本复制到目录中/home/YOUR_NAME/bin（您可能必须先创建它）或/usr/local/bin使用以下命令将其标记为可执行：

chmod a+x /home/YOUR_NAME/bin/llocate

脚本如下llocate：

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: llocate
# PATH: /mnt/e/bin
# DATE: May 22, 2018. Modified July 5, 2020.
# DESC: Use locate command but format output like `ll` with headings
# PARM: Parameter 1 = locate search string

# UPDT: 2018-07-01 Format date with Time or Previous Year like `ls -al`.
#       2018-11-09 Filenames trunctated after first space.
#       2020-07-05 Speed up processing. Handle permission denied.

if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
    echo "First parameter must be full or partial file names to search for."
    exit 1
fi

tmpLine=$(locate "$1")

# Was anything found?
if [[ ${#tmpLine} -eq 0 ]] ; then
    echo "No files found. If files created today, did you run 'sudo updatedb' after?"
    exit 1
fi

LastRun=$(stat --printf=%y /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db | sed 's/\.[^\n]*//')

# Build output with columns separated by "|" for column command
tmpForm="ACCESS|OWNER|GROUP|SIZE|MODIFIED|NAME (updatdb last ran: $LastRun)"$'\n'

ThisYear=$(date +%Y)

while read -r Line; do

    StatLine=$(stat --printf='%A|%U|%G|%s|%Y|%N\n' "$Line" | sed "s/'//g")

    IFS="|" Arr=($StatLine)
    Seconds="${Arr[4]}"
    [[ $Seconds == "" ]] && continue    # Permission denied

    # Format date with time if it's this year, else use file's year
    if [[ $(date -d @$Seconds +'%Y') == "$ThisYear" ]]; then
        HumanDate=$(date -d @$Seconds +'%b %_d %H:%M')
    else
        HumanDate=$(date -d @$Seconds +'%b %_d  %Y')
    fi

    StatLine="${StatLine/$Seconds/$HumanDate}"
    tmpForm="$tmpForm$StatLine"$'\n'

done <<< "$tmpLine"    # Read next locate line.

column -t -s '|' <<< "$tmpForm"

exit 0

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