我的设备开始变得非常慢，甚至在剩余大约 4 GB RAM（总共 8 GiB）的情况下也挂起了。我检查了 lsof，发现打开的文件数量异常多。这引起了对文件读写失败的怀疑，我发现 dmesg 每秒都会重复出现以下错误：
[ 2392.873599] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[ 2392.873608] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[ 2392.873617] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
[ 2392.873633] ata1.00: cmd 25/00:08:58:4a:af/00:00:15:00:00/e0 tag 26 dma 4096 in
res 51/40:00:58:4a:af/00:00:15:00:00/00 Emask 0x9 (media error)
[ 2392.873641] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[ 2392.873646] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
[ 2393.006728] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 2393.006748] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 2393.006752] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[ 2393.006756] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
[ 2393.006760] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 15 af 4a 58 00 00 08 00
[ 2393.006763] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 363809368
[ 2393.006800] ata1: EH complete
有人建议我安装 smartmontools 并查看主驱动器的情况。因此，运行以下命令后：
smartctl -a /dev/sda
我得到了以下输出：
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Laptop Thin HDD
Device Model: ST500LT012-9WS142
Serial Number: S0V3G9Y7
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 05bd9fc9c
Firmware Version: 0001LVM1
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Aug 21 18:14:07 2018 IST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 115) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x1031) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 081 081 034 Pre-fail Always - 93541778
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 090 090 020 Old_age Always - 10274
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 24
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 068 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 94638669551
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 4497 (86 165 0)
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 020 Old_age Always - 2082
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 2819
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 095 000 Old_age Always - 65546
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 058 040 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 42 (Min/Max 42/43 #88)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1218
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 186
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 069 069 000 Old_age Always - 62570
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 042 060 000 Old_age Always - 42 (0 13 0 0 0)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x000f 096 096 030 Pre-fail Always - 4224 (46039 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 32
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 099 099 000 Old_age Offline - 32
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 3
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 3027 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 3027 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4497 hours (187 days + 9 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:12.975 READ DMA EXT
35 00 b0 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:12.974 WRITE DMA EXT
b0 d5 01 00 4f c2 00 00 01:01:12.973 SMART READ LOG
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 01:01:12.973 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:01:12.973 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 3026 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4497 hours (187 days + 9 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:10.285 READ DMA EXT
35 00 28 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:10.285 WRITE DMA EXT
35 00 28 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:10.284 WRITE DMA EXT
ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:01:10.284 FLUSH CACHE EXT
b0 da 00 00 4f c2 00 00 01:01:10.229 SMART RETURN STATUS
Error 3025 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4497 hours (187 days + 9 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:07.518 READ DMA EXT
35 00 10 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:07.517 WRITE DMA EXT
35 00 38 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:07.517 WRITE DMA EXT
35 00 40 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:07.517 WRITE DMA EXT
35 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:07.516 WRITE DMA EXT
Error 3024 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4497 hours (187 days + 9 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:04.826 READ DMA EXT
35 00 48 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:04.825 WRITE DMA EXT
b0 d0 01 00 4f c2 00 00 01:01:04.777 SMART READ DATA
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 01:01:04.777 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:01:04.776 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 3023 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4497 hours (187 days + 9 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 01:01:02.110 READ DMA EXT
ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:01:02.104 FLUSH CACHE EXT
ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01:01:02.103 IDENTIFY DEVICE
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 01:01:02.103 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:01:02.102 IDENTIFY DEVICE
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
另一个答案暗示我的驱动器可能坏了，但我认为现在下结论还为时过早。有人能弄清楚这里发生了什么吗？
答案1
您的设备有一些坏扇区。坏扇区可能是由于意外断电、电缆损坏或撞击造成的。
因此有些扇区无法读取。但数量不多，所以您可以尝试修复。这需要读取所有磁盘扇区，找出坏扇区，然后写入坏扇区。有些程序可以执行此操作，例如：DOS 的 MHDD 或 Victoria，Linux 的 Hdrecover 或 WHDD。
这里最重要的智能参数。经过坏块测试后，它应该会改变。在良好的情况下，Current_Pending_Sector 变为 0。
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 24 -- 已修复
197 Current_Pending_Sector = 32 -- 当前不可读