我已经安装了干净的 Ubuntu MATE 18.10，并从此处的存储库安装了 Scilab
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install scilab
安装后，我尝试从 GUI 启动它（应用程序 → 其他 → Scilab) - 它没有启动。
然后我尝试使用scilab命令从终端启动它。终端输出如下：
$ scilab
拾取 _JAVA_OPTIONS：-Djava.class.path=/usr/share/java/flexdock.jar:/usr/share/java/skinlf.jar:/usr/share/java/looks.jar:/usr/share/java/commons-logging.jar:/usr/share/java/jhall.jar:/usr/share/java/lucene-core-4.10.4.jar:/usr/share/java/lucene-analyzers-common-4.10.4.jar:/usr/share/java/lucene-queryparser-4.10.4.jar:/usr/share/maven-repo/org/freehep/freehep-util/debian/freehep-util-de bian.jar:/usr/share/maven-repo/org/freehep/freehep-io/debian/freehep-io-debian.jar:/usr/share/maven-repo/org/freehep/freehep-graphicsio/debian/freehep-graphicsio-debian.jar:/usr/share/java/freehep-graphicsio-emf-2.1.jar:/usr/share/java/freehep-graphics2d-2.1.1.jar:/usr/share/java/jrosetta-API.jar:/usr/share/java/jrosetta-engine-1.0.4.jar:/usr/share/java/jgraphx.jar: /usr/share/java/jogl2.jar:/usr/share/java/gluegen2-rt.jar:/usr/share/java/jeuclid-core.jar:/usr/share/java/jlatexmath-fop-1.0.7.jar:/usr/share/java/fop.jar:/usr/share/java/saxon.jar:/usr/share/java/batik.jar:/usr/share/java/xml-apis-ext.jar:/usr/share/java/commons-io.jar:/usr/share/java/xmlgraphics-commons.jar:/usr/share/java/avalon-framework.jar:/usr/share/java/jl atexmath-1.0.7.jar:/usr/share/java/ecj.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/helptools/jar/org.scilab.modules.helptools.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/helptools/jar/scilab_ru_RU_help.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/helptools/jar/scilab_images.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/helptools/jar/scilab_en_US_help.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/graphic_objects/jar/org.scilab.modules.graph ic_objects.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/renderer/jar/org.scilab.modules.renderer.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/scinotes/jar/org.scilab.modules.scinotes.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/localization/jar/org.scilab.modules.localization.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/graph/jar/org.scilab.modules.graph.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/jvm/jar/org.scilab.modules.jvm.jar:/usr/共享/scilab/模块/preferences/jar/org.scilab.modules.preferences.jar:/usr/share/scilab/模块/scirenderer/jar/scirenderer.jar:/usr/share/scilab/模块/gui/jar/org.scilab.modules.gui.jar:/usr/share/scilab/模块/graphic_export/jar/org.scilab.modules.graphic_export.jar:/usr/share/scilab/模块/action_binding/jar/org.scilab.modules.action_binding.jar:/usr/share/ scilab/模块/xcos/jar/org.scilab.modules.xcos.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/ui_data/jar/org.scilab.modules.ui_data.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/types/jar/org.scilab.modules.types.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/history_manager/jar/org.scilab.modules.history_manager.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/external_objects_java/jar/org.scilab.modules.external_objects_java.jar ：/usr/share/scilab/modules/console/jar/org.scilab.modules.console.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/history_browser/jar/org.scilab.modules.history_browser.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/javasci/jar/org.scilab.modules.javasci.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/completion/jar/org.scilab.modules.completion.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/commons/jar/org.scilab.modules.commons.jar:/usr/share/scilab/modules/core/jar/org.scilab.modules.core.jar: --add-modules=java.activation,java.xml.bind
引导层初始化时发生错误
java.lang.module.FindException：未找到模块java.xml.bind
所以我举报了错误 1798661到 LaunchPad。
看来我需要java.xml.bind从某个包中获取。
根据在 packages.ubuntu.com 上搜索我需要安装openjdk-11-jdk-headless包，但是 Ubuntu 18.10 Cosmic 中没有所需的文件。
注意：我不想从 Scilab 网站下载并提取二进制档案（但这是一种解决方法）。我需要使用 APT 的 deb-packages 解决方案。
我还应该尝试什么？
答案1
如今，Scilab 已移植到 OpenJDK 11。因此我们必须使用以下命令安装它（如果之前未安装）：
sudo apt-get install scilab
因此，我们可以像往常一样从 GUI 使用最新的 scilab 包 6.0.1-7ubuntu1~18.10，但scilab-cli现在scilab-adv-cli已损坏（它是新的错误 1825037）。
注 1：Scilab 颜色主题与深色 Gtk 主题不兼容，因此用户应设置浅色主题（这是错误 1547561） 例如辐射或者Radiant-MATE。
注 2：Scilab ATOMS 系统也坏了（见错误 1765503) 因为 HDF5 存在问题。
为了防止出现此错误，我们需要安装二进制版本，如下所示我的答案适用于 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS。