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无人值守安装 18.04 服务器后无桌面

tag-icon • tag-icon server 18.04 xubuntu preseed
无人值守安装 18.04 服务器后无桌面

我正在尝试使用 Packer 从备用 ISO（不是实时版本）设置无人值守的 18.04.2 LTS 服务器安装。我已将预置文件设置为从虚拟软盘复制。启动命令输入到 VM 中，预置文件中的所有内容似乎都加载正常，但在安装完成后重新启动 VM 后，我没有看到桌面。我以为我已经通过谷歌搜索把所有东西拼凑起来了，但现在我陷入了困境。

这是我的打包机配置：

{
"_comment": "Build with `packer build ubuntu.json`",
"variables": {
    "boot_command_prefix": "<esc><esc><enter><wait>",
    "cleanup_pause": "",
    "cpus": "2",
    "desktop": "true",
    "disk_size": "65535",
    "headless": "false",
    "iso_checksum": "34416ff83179728d54583bf3f18d42d2",
    "iso_checksum_type": "md5",
    "iso_name": "xubuntu-18.04.2-server-amd64.iso",
    "iso_path": "C:\\dev\\Packer",
    "iso_url": "C:\\dev\\Packer\\ubuntu-18.04.2-server-amd64.iso",
    "locale": "en_US",
    "memory": "4096",
    "preseed" : "preseed.cfg",
    "hostname": "epoch3dev-template",
    "ssh_fullname": <full name>,
    "ssh_password": <password>,
    "ssh_username": <user>,
    "update": "false",
    "rc_version": "1",
    "vm_basename": "EpochIIIDevVM-RC",
    "vmware_guest_os_type": "ubuntu-64"
  },

  "builders": [
    {
      "boot_wait": "5s",
      "boot_command": [
        "{{ user `boot_command_prefix` }}",
        "/install/vmlinuz ",
        "initrd=/install/initrd.gz ",
        "auto=true ",
        "priority=critical ",
        "file=/floppy/{{ user `preseed` }} ",
        "hostname={{ user `hostname` }} ",
        "-- <enter>"
      ],
      "disk_size": "{{ user `disk_size` }}",
      "floppy_files": [
        "{{ user `preseed` }}"
      ],
      "guest_os_type": "{{ user `vmware_guest_os_type` }}",
      "headless": "{{ user `headless` }}",
      "http_directory": "http",
      "iso_checksum": "{{ user `iso_checksum` }}",
      "iso_checksum_type": "{{ user `iso_checksum_type` }}",
      "iso_urls": [
        "{{ user `iso_path` }}/{{ user `iso_name` }}",
        "{{ user `iso_url` }}"
      ],
      "output_directory": "output-{{ user `vm_basename` }}{{ user `rc_version` }}",
      "shutdown_command": "echo '{{ user `ssh_password` }}'|sudo -S shutdown -P now",
      "ssh_password": "{{ user `ssh_password` }}",
      "ssh_username": "{{ user `ssh_username` }}",
      "ssh_wait_timeout": "10m",
      "tools_upload_flavor": "linux",
      "type": "vmware-iso",
      "vm_name": "{{ user `vm_basename` }}{{ user `rc_version` }}",
      "vmx_data": {
        "ethernet0.pciSlotNumber": "32",
        "memsize": "{{ user `memory` }}",
        "numvcpus": "{{ user `cpus` }}"
      },
      "vmx_remove_ethernet_interfaces": true
    }
]

}

这是我的预置文件：

d-i auto-install/enable boolean true

### Localization
# Locale sets language and country.
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US

# Keyboard selection.
d-i console-keymaps-at/keymap select us

### Network configuration
# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it
# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto

### Clock and time zone setup
# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true

# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of
# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values.
d-i time/zone string US/Eastern

### Account setup
# Skip creation of a root account (normal user account will be able to
# use sudo).
d-i passwd/root-login boolean false

# To create a normal user account.
d-i passwd/root-login boolean false
d-i passwd/user-fullname string <full name>
d-i passwd/username string <username>
# Normal user's password, either in clear text
d-i passwd/user-password password <password>
d-i passwd/user-password-again password <password>
d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false

# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR
# if no other operating system is detected on the machine.
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true

### Package selection
ubiquity ubiquity/minimal_install boolean true
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, xubuntu-desktop
d-i pkgsel/install-language-support boolean false
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server ntp curl nfs-common linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential perl dkms

# do not enable live installer, use normal instead
d-i live-installer/enable boolean false

# activate DASD, dasdfmt if needed
d-i s390-dasd/dasd string 0.0.0200,0.0.0300,0.0.0400

# DASD configuration
d-i s390-dasd/auto-format boolean true
d-i s390-dasd/force-format boolean true

# auto-partition, all files in one partition
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/confirm boolean true

### Finishing up the first stage install
# Avoid that last message about the install being complete.
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note

# Monitor autodetection is recommended.
xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/autodetect_monitor boolean true
# Uncomment if you have an LCD display.
#xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/config/monitor/lcd boolean true
# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed
# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not
# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions.
xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/config/monitor/selection-method \
       select medium
xserver-xorg xserver-xorg/config/monitor/mode-list \
       select 1680x1050 @ 60 Hz

有人能告诉我我做错了什么或遗漏了什么吗？我甚至可以使用服务器 ISO 执行此操作吗？

谢谢！

答案1

Ubuntu Server 没有图形界面，但如果您连接到互联网，则可以下载一个。

您需要添加宇宙先用口袋

sudo add-apt-repository universe

然后安装 Ubuntu 桌面

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

或 MATE 桌面

sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop^

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