我最近尝试使用我的音频，但发现我无法再使用音频，我尝试了一些我看到的选项，但它们似乎不起作用：
- 音频中的虚拟输出；没有任何作用（ALSA 损坏？）这不起作用，运行后
sudo alsa force-reload我得到：
Unloading ALSA sound driver modules: (none loaded).
Loading ALSA sound driver modules: (none to reload).
- https://askubuntu.com/a/800280/990366当我运行时也是如此：
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-`uname -r`
我收到配置不正确的错误：
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-`uname -r`
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/8,360 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 182773 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic_5.0.0-25.26_amd64.deb ...
/etc/kernel/preinst.d/intel-microcode:
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
Unpacking linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic (5.0.0-25.26) over (5.0.0-25.26) ...
Setting up linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic (5.0.0-25.26) ...
I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-25-generic
I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-25-generic
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic (5.0.0-25.26) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-25-generic
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/sda8
I: (UUID=b69c28bb-170e-48a4-a279-f4449d689741)
I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-25-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-13-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-13-generic
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda1@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done
并sudo modprobe snd-hda-intel给了我：
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
modprobe: FATAL: Module snd-hda-intel not found in directory /lib/modules/5.0.0-25-generic
我真的不知道这些命令有什么用，只是反复试验。这发生在 Ubuntu 19.04 上。
cat /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf给我：
# autoloader aliases
install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0
install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1
install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2
install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3
install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4
install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5
install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6
install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules
install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }
#
# Workaround at bug #499695 (reverted in Ubuntu see LP #319505)
install snd-pcm /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-pcm $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-pcm-oss ; : ; }
install snd-mixer /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-mixer $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-mixer-oss ; : ; }
install snd-seq /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-seq $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-oss ; : ; }
#
install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; : ; }
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above sound card driver modules
install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-emu10k1-synth ; }
install snd-via82xx /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-via82xx $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }
# Load saa7134-alsa instead of saa7134 (which gets dragged in by it anyway)
install saa7134 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install saa7134 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist saa7134-alsa ; : ; }
# Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
options bt87x index=-2
options cx88_alsa index=-2
options saa7134-alsa index=-2
options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
options snd-usb-caiaq index=-2
options snd-usb-ua101 index=-2
options snd-usb-us122l index=-2
options snd-usb-usx2y index=-2
# Ubuntu #62691, enable MPU for snd-cmipci
options snd-cmipci mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
# Keep snd-pcsp from being loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
# Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1
pacmd list-cards给我：0 card(s) available.
答案1
删除最后一行snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1或将其更改options snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1为/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
这是正确的语法。
如果这是您自己的更改，最好在 /etc/modprobe.d/ 中创建一个带有后缀 conf 的自己的文件。在升级过程中，als-base.conf 可能会被覆盖。
检查
df -h;df -i/boot 中是否有可用空间和空闲的 inode，如果它是独立的分区。如果没有，请尝试sudo apt-get autoremove --purge。在“说”是之前，请仔细查看要删除的内容。sudo apt install --reinstall linux-modules-5.0.0-25-generic没有错误？- 重启
如果问题仍然存在，请pacmd list-cards扩展您的问题。