我最近用一块 4TB 的硬盘替换了两块 1TB 的硬盘。
为了确保新驱动器能够冗余工作，我测试了该nofail选项（请参阅fstab 手册页了解详情）。我会关闭系统，拔下驱动器，然后查看系统是否仍能启动。在测试期间，我遇到了启动过程中的冻结。一旦我成功启动，系统就会在进入锁定屏幕后挂断。
现在情况似乎稳定了。我使用以下命令查看了日志：journalctl，但我不确定要寻找什么，程序输出了数百行信息。
然后我尝试了一下sudo cat /var/log/boot.log，结果如下：
[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…35\x2d43a7\[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…5\x2d43a7\x[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…5\x2d43a7\x[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…2d43a7\x2d9[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ **] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ ***] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ *** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[*** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[** ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[* ] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d…d43a7\x2d9a[ TIME ] Timed out waiting for device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-168dfcf7\x2d7635\x2d43a7\x2d9a22\x2dcce4598b8844.device.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/168dfcf7-7635-43a7-9a22-cce4598b8844.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for /mnt/media2.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Local File Systems.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Clean up any mess left by 0dns-up.
Starting Set console font and keymap...
[ OK ] Reached target Bluetooth.
[ OK ] Reached target Login Prompts.
Starting Set console scheme...
[ OK ] Started Stop ureadahead data collection 45s after completed startup.
[ OK ] Closed Syslog Socket.
[ OK ] Reached target Timers.
Starting Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data...
Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories...
Starting AppArmor initialization...
[ OK ] Started Emergency Shell.
[ OK ] Reached target Emergency Mode.
[ OK ] Reached target Paths.
[ OK ] Reached target Sockets.
[ OK ] Started Set console font and keymap.
[ OK ] Started Set console scheme.
[ OK ] Created slice system-getty.slice.
[ OK ] Started Create Volatile Files and Directories.
Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown...
Starting Network Name Resolution...
Starting Network Time Synchronization...
[ OK ] Started Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data.
[ OK ] Started Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown.
Starting Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes...
[ OK ] Started Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes.
[ OK ] Started Network Name Resolution.
[ OK ] Reached target Host and Network Name Lookups.
[ OK ] Started Network Time Synchronization.
[ OK ] Reached target System Time Synchronized.
[ OK ] Started AppArmor initialization.
Starting Raise network interfaces...
[ OK ] Started Raise network interfaces.
[ OK ] Reached target Network.
[ OK ] Reached target Network is Online.
当我再次运行该命令时，我得到了相同的输出，除了第一行的重复部分。UUID（168dfcf7-7635-43a7-9a22-cce4598b8844）是替换硬盘之一上的唯一分区。它实际上仍然存在 - 虽然被注释掉了 - 在我的/etc/fstab文件中：
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=766c6a6f-98fc-4c26-868c-c2d542ad373a / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=4DD5-F9C6 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# /home was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=09724afe-6b53-4b29-afb8-0760ed0a1b01 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
#UUID=3fe702f9-bf22-4690-99c4-d7dc5be8079b /mnt/media ext4 defaults 0 2
#UUID=168dfcf7-7635-43a7-9a22-cce4598b8844 /mnt/media2 ext4 defaults 0 2
UUID=41aed6f4-8336-48ef-95d0-9911d81e9f75 /mnt/vault ext4 defaults,nofail 0 2
为什么启动过程会引用该驱动器/分区？我没有正确地将其从系统中删除吗？我以为将其从文件中注释掉/etc/fstab就足够了？这是否与我在测试较大硬盘时遇到的系统不稳定有关？
笔记：操作系统安装在单独的固态硬盘上。
输出内容如下sudo lsblk -f：
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
loop0 squashf /snap/gnome-logs/4
loop1 squashf /snap/gnome-calcul
loop2 squashf /snap/gnome-system
loop3 squashf /snap/gnome-calcul
loop4 squashf /snap/gnome-3-26-1
loop5 squashf /snap/gnome-logs/6
loop6 squashf /snap/gtk-common-t
loop7 squashf /snap/core/7270
loop8 squashf /snap/gnome-3-28-1
loop9 squashf /snap/core/7396
loop10 squashf /snap/gnome-charac
loop11 squashf /snap/gtk-common-t
loop12 squashf /snap/gnome-charac
loop13 squashf /snap/core18/1074
loop14 squashf /snap/gnome-3-26-1
loop15 squashf /snap/vlc/1049
loop16 squashf /snap/gnome-system
loop17 squashf /snap/gnome-3-28-1
sda
├─sda1 vfat 4DD5-F9C6 /boot/efi
├─sda2 ext4 766c6a6f-98fc-4c26-868c-c2d542ad373a /
└─sda3 ext4 09724afe-6b53-4b29-afb8-0760ed0a1b01 /home
sdb
└─sdb1 ext4 The_Vault 41aed6f4-8336-48ef-95d0-9911d81e9f75 /mnt/vault
sr0
答案1
/etc/fstab/ 中的更改
UUID=41aed6f4-8336-48ef-95d0-9911d81e9f75 /mnt/vault ext4 defaults,nofail 0 2
到
UUID=41aed6f4-8336-48ef-95d0-9911d81e9f75 /mnt/vault ext4 user,noauto,nofail 0 0
期权默认意味着
rw, suid, dev, exec,汽车、nouser 和 async