我有 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 和 Windows 10 双启动。
如上所述，自从我安装了 Ubuntu 以来，问题仍然存在。我附上了一些我认为可能有助于解决此问题的输出。
此外，我尝试了所附 URL 中提供的所有方法，但均未能解决问题：https://itsfoss.com/fix-sound-ubuntu-1304-quick-tip/
第一个输出：
$ sudo lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9b61 (rev 0c)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 9b41 (rev 02)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 0c)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 02f9
00:13.0 Serial controller: Intel Corporation Device 02fc
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 02ed
00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Device 02ef
00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 02f0
00:15.0 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device 02e8
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Device 02e0
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Device 02d3
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 02bc (rev f0)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 02b4 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 0284
00:1f.3 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation Device 02c8
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Device 02a3
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device 02a4
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1d13 (rev a1)
02:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Device 1e0f:0001
第二个输出：
$ sudo lspci -v
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9b61 (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information: Len=10 <?>
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 9b41 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 147
Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at 4000 [size=64]
[virtual] Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [ac] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [100] Process Address Space ID (PASID)
Capabilities: [200] Address Translation Service (ATS)
Capabilities: [300] Page Request Interface (PRI)
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Dell Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem
Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 16
Memory at c2210000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32K]
Capabilities: [90] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
Kernel driver in use: proc_thermal
Kernel modules: processor_thermal_device
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
Subsystem: Dell Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 255
Memory at c2226000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=4K]
Capabilities: [90] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [dc] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [f0] PCI Advanced Features
00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 02f9
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 255
Memory at c2227000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=4K]
Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
00:13.0 Serial controller: Intel Corporation Device 02fc (prog-if 00 [8250])
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 20
Memory at c2220000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: intel_ish_ipc
Kernel modules: intel_ish_ipc
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 02ed (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 124
Memory at c2200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Device 02ef
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: fast devsel
Memory at c2222000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=8K]
Memory at c2228000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=4K]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 02f0
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 42a4
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at c2218000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: [c8] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [d0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [40] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=16 Masked-
Capabilities: [100] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [164] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0010 Rev=0 Len=014 <?>
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
Kernel modules: iwlwifi
00:15.0 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device 02e8
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at 8f800000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Device 02e0
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 135
Memory at c222a000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [8c] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [a4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
Kernel modules: mei_me
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Device 02d3 (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 125
Memory at c2224000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Memory at c222e000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at 4080 [size=8]
I/O ports at 4088 [size=4]
I/O ports at 4060 [size=32]
Memory at c222d000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K]
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [a8] SATA HBA v1.0
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 02bc (rev f0) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 122
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00003000-00003fff
Memory behind bridge: c1000000-c1ffffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000000090000000-00000000a1ffffff
Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Capabilities: [a0] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Access Control Services
Capabilities: [150] Precision Time Measurement
Capabilities: [200] L1 PM Substates
Capabilities: [220] #19
Capabilities: [250] Downstream Port Containment
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 02b4 (rev f0) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 123
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
Memory behind bridge: c2100000-c21fffff
Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Capabilities: [a0] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Access Control Services
Capabilities: [150] Precision Time Measurement
Capabilities: [200] L1 PM Substates
Capabilities: [220] #19
Capabilities: [250] Downstream Port Containment
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 0284
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
00:1f.3 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation Device 02c8
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 64, IRQ 148
Memory at c221c000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Memory at c2000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [80] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Kernel driver in use: sof-audio-pci
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, sof_pci_dev
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Device 02a3
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 255
Memory at c222b000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=256]
I/O ports at efa0 [disabled] [size=32]
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device 02a4
Subsystem: Dell Device 0957
Flags: fast devsel
Memory at fe010000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1d13 (rev a1)
Subsystem: Dell Device 0959
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 146
Memory at c1000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at 90000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at a0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at 3000 [size=128]
Expansion ROM at <ignored> [disabled]
Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [78] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [258] L1 PM Substates
Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>
Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
Capabilities: [900] #19
Kernel driver in use: nouveau
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
02:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Device 1e0f:0001 (prog-if 02 [NVM Express])
Subsystem: Device 1e0f:0001
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16, NUMA node 0
Memory at c2100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: [40] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [90] MSI: Enable- Count=1/32 Maskable+ 64bit+
Capabilities: [b0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=32 Masked-
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [150] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [260] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [300] #19
Capabilities: [400] L1 PM Substates
Kernel driver in use: nvme
Kernel modules: nvme
大家好，大约一个月后更新系统后，这个问题就自动修复了。感谢所有试图提供帮助的人。:)