我正在研究我将在新电脑上安装哪些东西。为此，我在虚拟机中安装了最小选项的 Ubuntu。我找到了ubuntu-desktop-minimal并ubuntu-desktop安装了。这引出了一个问题：我如何安装完整的桌面并且可以撤消此操作吗？
两个元包均由ubuntu-meta，因此我下载了它并比较了其中包含的一些文件：
--- ubuntu-meta/ubuntu-meta-1.440/desktop-minimal-recommends-amd64
+++ ubuntu-meta/ubuntu-meta-1.440/desktop-recommends-amd64
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
acpi-support
+aisleriot
app-install-data-partner
apport-gtk
avahi-autoipd
avahi-daemon
+baobab
bluez
bluez-cups
+branding-ubuntu
brltty
+cheese
cups
cups-bsd
cups-client
cups-filters
+deja-dup
dirmngr
eog
evince
@@ -36,16 +41,21 @@
gir1.2-gmenu-3.0
gnome-accessibility-themes
gnome-bluetooth
+gnome-calendar
gnome-disk-utility
gnome-font-viewer
gnome-getting-started-docs
gnome-initial-setup
gnome-keyring
+gnome-mahjongg
+gnome-mines
gnome-power-manager
gnome-screenshot
gnome-software-plugin-snap
+gnome-sudoku
gnome-system-monitor
gnome-terminal
+gnome-todo
gpg-agent
gsettings-ubuntu-schemas
gvfs-fuse
@@ -61,6 +71,14 @@
libpam-gnome-keyring
libproxy1-plugin-gsettings
libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager
+libreoffice-calc
+libreoffice-gnome
+libreoffice-impress
+libreoffice-math
+libreoffice-ogltrans
+libreoffice-pdfimport
+libreoffice-style-breeze
+libreoffice-writer
libwmf0.2-7-gtk
memtest86+
mousetweaks
@@ -85,14 +103,25 @@
printer-driver-sag-gdi
printer-driver-splix
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
+remmina
+rhythmbox
seahorse
+shotwell
+simple-scan
snapd
speech-dispatcher
system-config-printer
+thunderbird
+thunderbird-gnome-support
+totem
+transmission-gtk
ubuntu-docs
ubuntu-report
ubuntu-software
ubuntu-wallpapers
+ubuntu-web-launchers
+usb-creator-gtk
+vino
whoopsie
xcursor-themes
xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
我猜这是从最小桌面到完整桌面不同的软件包列表？
我尝试过sudo apt install --install-recommends ubuntu-desktop，但是没有效果。
答案1
好的，我明白了。您需要删除ubuntu-desktop-minimal：
$ sudo apt remove ubuntu-desktop-minimal
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-desktop-minimal
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 110 not upgraded.
After this operation, 100 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
(Reading database ... 159362 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing ubuntu-desktop (1.440.1) ...
Removing ubuntu-desktop-minimal (1.440) ...
然后安装ubuntu-desktop：
$ sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
aisleriot baobab branding-ubuntu cheese deja-dup duplicity gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totemplparser-1.0
gir1.2-udisks-2.0 gnome-calendar gnome-mahjongg gnome-mines gnome-sudoku gnome-todo gnome-todo-common gnome-video-effects grilo-plugins-0.3-base gstreamer1.0-gtk3 guile-2.2-libs libabw-0.1-1
libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libboost-date-time1.67.0 libboost-filesystem1.67.0 libboost-iostreams1.67.0 libboost-locale1.67.0 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5 libcmis-0.5-5v5
libcolamd2 libcurl4 libdazzle-1.0-0 libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libe-book-0.1-1 libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1 libevent-2.1-6 libexttextcat-2.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfreehand-0.1-1
libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgnome-games-support-1-3 libgnome-games-support-common libgnome-todo libgom-1.0-0 libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgrilo-0.3-0 liblangtag-common
liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 liblua5.3-0 libmessaging-menu0 libmhash2 libminiupnpc17 libmspub-0.1-1 libmwaw-0.3-3 libmythes-1.2-0 libnatpmp1 libneon27-gnutls libodfgen-0.1-1 liborcus-0.14-0
libpagemaker-0.0-0 libqqwing2v5 libraptor2-0 librasqal3 libraw19 librdf0 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-gnome
libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-style-breeze libreoffice-style-colibre libreoffice-style-elementary libreoffice-style-tango
libreoffice-writer librevenge-0.0-0 librhythmbox-core10 librsync2 libsgutils2-2 libsuitesparseconfig5 libtotem0 libvisio-0.1-1 libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3 libwps-0.4-4
libxmlsec1-nss libyajl2 lp-solve media-player-info python3-bcrypt python3-fasteners python3-future python3-lib2to3 python3-lockfile python3-mako python3-markupsafe python3-monotonic
python3-paramiko python3-uno remmina remmina-common remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-secret remmina-plugin-vnc rhythmbox rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-plugin-alternative-toolbar rhythmbox-plugins
shotwell shotwell-common simple-scan syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy thunderbird thunderbird-gnome-support totem totem-common totem-plugins transmission-common transmission-gtk
ubuntu-desktop-minimal ubuntu-web-launchers uno-libs3 ure usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk vino
Suggested packages:
gnome-cards-data gnome-video-effects-frei0r python3-boto python3-cloudfiles python3-swiftclient ncftp lftp tahoe-lafs python3-pip par2 gnome-video-effects-extra grilo-plugins-0.3-extra
freerdp2-x11 grilo-plugins-0.3 lirc minissdpd natpmpc raptor2-utils rasqal-utils librdf-storage-postgresql librdf-storage-mysql librdf-storage-sqlite librdf-storage-virtuoso redland-utils
libreoffice-base ocl-icd-libopencl1 | mesa-opencl-icd | beignet-opencl-icd gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-libav libreoffice-evolution libreofficekit-data
breeze-icon-theme tango-icon-theme fonts-crosextra-caladea fonts-crosextra-carlito libreoffice-java-common default-jre | sun-java6-jre | java6-runtime | jre sg3-utils python-future-doc
python-lockfile-doc python3-beaker python-mako-doc python3-gssapi remmina-plugin-exec remmina-plugin-nx remmina-plugin-spice remmina-plugin-telepathy remmina-plugin-xdmcp gnome-codec-install
rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist ttf-lyx java5-runtime
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aisleriot baobab branding-ubuntu cheese deja-dup duplicity gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totemplparser-1.0
gir1.2-udisks-2.0 gnome-calendar gnome-mahjongg gnome-mines gnome-sudoku gnome-todo gnome-todo-common gnome-video-effects grilo-plugins-0.3-base gstreamer1.0-gtk3 guile-2.2-libs libabw-0.1-1
libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libboost-date-time1.67.0 libboost-filesystem1.67.0 libboost-iostreams1.67.0 libboost-locale1.67.0 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5 libcmis-0.5-5v5
libcolamd2 libcurl4 libdazzle-1.0-0 libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libe-book-0.1-1 libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1 libevent-2.1-6 libexttextcat-2.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfreehand-0.1-1
libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgnome-games-support-1-3 libgnome-games-support-common libgnome-todo libgom-1.0-0 libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgrilo-0.3-0 liblangtag-common
liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 liblua5.3-0 libmessaging-menu0 libmhash2 libminiupnpc17 libmspub-0.1-1 libmwaw-0.3-3 libmythes-1.2-0 libnatpmp1 libneon27-gnutls libodfgen-0.1-1 liborcus-0.14-0
libpagemaker-0.0-0 libqqwing2v5 libraptor2-0 librasqal3 libraw19 librdf0 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-gnome
libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-style-breeze libreoffice-style-colibre libreoffice-style-elementary libreoffice-style-tango
libreoffice-writer librevenge-0.0-0 librhythmbox-core10 librsync2 libsgutils2-2 libsuitesparseconfig5 libtotem0 libvisio-0.1-1 libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3 libwps-0.4-4
libxmlsec1-nss libyajl2 lp-solve media-player-info python3-bcrypt python3-fasteners python3-future python3-lib2to3 python3-lockfile python3-mako python3-markupsafe python3-monotonic
python3-paramiko python3-uno remmina remmina-common remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-secret remmina-plugin-vnc rhythmbox rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-plugin-alternative-toolbar rhythmbox-plugins
shotwell shotwell-common simple-scan syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy thunderbird thunderbird-gnome-support totem totem-common totem-plugins transmission-common transmission-gtk
ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-desktop-minimal ubuntu-web-launchers uno-libs3 ure usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk vino
0 upgraded, 147 newly installed, 0 to remove and 110 not upgraded.
Need to get 73,3 MB/174 MB of archives.
After this operation, 663 MB of additional disk space will be used.
ubuntu-desktop-minimal通过安装然后删除来恢复到最小模式ubuntu-desktop也有效：
$ sudo apt remove ubuntu-desktop
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
aisleriot baobab branding-ubuntu cheese deja-dup duplicity gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-udisks-2.0 gnome-calendar gnome-mahjongg
gnome-mines gnome-sudoku gnome-todo gnome-todo-common gnome-video-effects gstreamer1.0-gtk3 guile-2.2-libs libabw-0.1-1 libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libboost-date-time1.67.0 libboost-filesystem1.67.0
libboost-iostreams1.67.0 libboost-locale1.67.0 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5 libcmis-0.5-5v5 libcolamd2 libcurl4 libdazzle-1.0-0 libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libe-book-0.1-1
libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1 libevent-2.1-6 libexttextcat-2.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfreehand-0.1-1 libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgnome-games-support-1-3
libgnome-games-support-common libgnome-todo libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common libgpod4 liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 libmessaging-menu0 libmhash2 libminiupnpc17 libmspub-0.1-1
libmwaw-0.3-3 libmythes-1.2-0 libnatpmp1 libneon27-gnutls libodfgen-0.1-1 liborcus-0.14-0 libpagemaker-0.0-0 libqqwing2v5 libraptor2-0 librasqal3 libraw19 librdf0 libreoffice-base-core
libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-style-breeze
libreoffice-style-colibre libreoffice-style-elementary libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer librevenge-0.0-0 librhythmbox-core10 librsync2 libsgutils2-2 libsuitesparseconfig5 libvisio-0.1-1
libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3 libwps-0.4-4 libxmlsec1-nss libyajl2 lp-solve media-player-info python3-bcrypt python3-fasteners python3-future python3-lib2to3
python3-lockfile python3-mako python3-markupsafe python3-monotonic python3-paramiko python3-uno remmina remmina-common remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-secret remmina-plugin-vnc rhythmbox
rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-plugin-alternative-toolbar rhythmbox-plugins shotwell shotwell-common simple-scan syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy thunderbird thunderbird-gnome-support
transmission-common transmission-gtk ubuntu-desktop-minimal ubuntu-web-launchers uno-libs3 ure usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk vino
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
ubuntu-desktop
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 110 not upgraded.
After this operation, 50,2 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
(Reading database ... 174224 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing ubuntu-desktop (1.440.1) ...
$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
aisleriot baobab branding-ubuntu cheese deja-dup duplicity gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-udisks-2.0 gnome-calendar gnome-mahjongg
gnome-mines gnome-sudoku gnome-todo gnome-todo-common gnome-video-effects gstreamer1.0-gtk3 guile-2.2-libs libabw-0.1-1 libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libboost-date-time1.67.0 libboost-filesystem1.67.0
libboost-iostreams1.67.0 libboost-locale1.67.0 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5 libcmis-0.5-5v5 libcolamd2 libcurl4 libdazzle-1.0-0 libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libe-book-0.1-1
libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1 libevent-2.1-6 libexttextcat-2.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfreehand-0.1-1 libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgnome-games-support-1-3
libgnome-games-support-common libgnome-todo libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common libgpod4 liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 libmessaging-menu0 libmhash2 libminiupnpc17 libmspub-0.1-1
libmwaw-0.3-3 libmythes-1.2-0 libnatpmp1 libneon27-gnutls libodfgen-0.1-1 liborcus-0.14-0 libpagemaker-0.0-0 libqqwing2v5 libraptor2-0 librasqal3 libraw19 librdf0 libreoffice-base-core
libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-style-breeze
libreoffice-style-colibre libreoffice-style-elementary libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer librevenge-0.0-0 librhythmbox-core10 librsync2 libsgutils2-2 libsuitesparseconfig5 libvisio-0.1-1
libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3 libwps-0.4-4 libxmlsec1-nss libyajl2 lp-solve media-player-info python3-bcrypt python3-fasteners python3-future python3-lib2to3
python3-lockfile python3-mako python3-markupsafe python3-monotonic python3-paramiko python3-uno remmina remmina-common remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-secret remmina-plugin-vnc rhythmbox
rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-plugin-alternative-toolbar rhythmbox-plugins shotwell shotwell-common simple-scan syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy thunderbird thunderbird-gnome-support
transmission-common transmission-gtk ubuntu-desktop-minimal ubuntu-web-launchers uno-libs3 ure usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk vino
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 136 to remove and 110 not upgraded.
After this operation, 657 MB disk space will be freed.