我使用的是 Ubuntu 16.04，并安装了 Python 3.6，因为我想使用一些特定的库。现在，我尝试更新到 Ubuntu 18.04，结果很多的错误。
我不得不使用 18.04 的 Unity 界面，因为 Gnome 不允许我登录。我无法打开 libreoffice，而且许多进程似乎都搞乱了。
我尝试执行一些命令但apt没有成功：这些包括，，，，apt update等等......apt upgradeapt autoremovesudo apt -f install
我也尝试过dpkg --configure -a，如所述这个答案但没有成功。
这是（或上述任何命令）输出的最后一部分sudo apt -f install。其余输出（太大）可以在以下位置找到这里。
dependency problems prevent configuration of qmlscene:
qmlscene depends on libqt5gui5 (>= 5.3.0); however:
Package libqt5gui5:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package qmlscene (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of baobab:
baobab depends on libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0); however:
Package libpango-1.0-0:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package baobab (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
fontconfig
libqtgui4:amd64
qt-at-spi:amd64
libreoffice-core
libreoffice-calc
libreoffice-gtk2
python3-uno
libreoffice-base-drivers
libqt5gui5:amd64
libqt5svg5:amd64
hud
libpango-1.0-0:amd64
libpango-1.0-0:i386
gnome-disk-utility
firefox
libcogl-pango20:amd64
gnome-initial-setup
gedit
libgail-3-0:amd64
libido3-0.1-0:amd64
libreoffice-report-builder
qt5-gtk-platformtheme:amd64
libreoffice-gtk3
sni-qt:amd64
libreoffice-script-provider-bsh
compiz-gnome
libunity-control-center1
gstreamer1.0-x:amd64
gnome-font-viewer
libpango-perl
unity-greeter
texmaker
librhythmbox-core10:amd64
totem
libedataserverui-1.2-2:amd64
libreoffice-gnome
gnome-power-manager
signon-ui-x11
nautilus
libreoffice-pdfimport
libreoffice-gtk
gnome-todo
libgnomekbd8:amd64
libreoffice-nlpsolver
libgtk2-perl
libclutter-1.0-0:amd64
libdbusmenu-qt2:amd64
evolution-data-server
evince
qmlscene
baobab
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
在此先感谢您提供的任何帮助。
答案1
现在您已经通过运行命令解决了主要问题：sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/fontconfig.* /tmp，您需要重新安装fontconfig。
首先，运行以下命令重新安装fontconfig：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall fontconfig
如果由于“无法下载”而失败fontconfig，请运行以下命令：
sudo apt install --reinstall $(for i in $(dpkg -l | grep fontconfig | awk '{ print $2 }'); do echo "$i"=2.12.6-0ubuntu2; done)
然后，运行以下命令来验证 2.12.6-0ubuntu2 是否确实是最新版本：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall $(dpkg -l | grep fontconfig | awk '{ print $2 }')
解释一下：有一个“较新”版本的fontconfig软件包“2.12.6-0ubuntu2.3”已从“建议”存储库中删除，因此不再可供下载。为了重新安装，我们必须降级到“2.12.6-0ubuntu2”。这些命令还会降级fontconfig可能安装的任何其他软件包。