我系统上的软件更新程序应用程序失败了。它列出了需要更新的软件包，但在我点击安装后，该应用程序运行了几秒钟，然后闪烁消失。
我使用 Ubuntu 19.10，带有“带有 radeon(tm) hd graphics 的 AMD® A10-5700 apu × 4”
当我运行 apt-get upgrade 或 apt-get dist-upgrade 时，它们会失败并出现错误
dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:
loading files list file for package 'automake': cannot open /var/lib/dpkg/info/automake.list (Input/output error)
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)
我可以 cd 到 /var/lib/dpkg/info 但是如果我执行 ls，命令会挂起，直到我按 ctrl-c。
以下是我的系统中“sudo apt-get dist-upgrade”的完整输出
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-headers-5.3.0-42 linux-headers-5.3.0-42-generic
linux-image-5.3.0-42-generic linux-modules-5.3.0-42-generic
linux-modules-extra-5.3.0-42-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
apport apport-gtk bsdutils cpp-7 cpp-8 fdisk firefox firefox-locale-en
fonts-opensymbol gcc-7 gcc-7-base gcc-8 gcc-8-base gir1.2-mutter-5
gnome-shell gnome-shell-common libarchive13 libasan4 libblkid1
libblkid1:i386 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6:i386 libc6-dbg libc6-dev
libc6-i386 libcilkrts5 libegl-mesa0 libegl1-mesa libfdisk1 libgbm1
libgcc-7-dev libgcc-8-dev libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa
libgles2-mesa libglx-mesa0 libicu63 libmount1 libmount1:i386 libmpx2
libmutter-5-0 libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer libreoffice-base-core
libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw
libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-help-common
libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math
libreoffice-ogltrans libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-style-breeze
libreoffice-style-colibre libreoffice-style-elementary
libreoffice-style-galaxy libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer
libsmartcols1 libsqlite3-0 libubsan0 libuuid1 libwayland-egl1-mesa
libxatracker2 linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
linux-libc-dev linux-signed-generic locales mesa-va-drivers
mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers mount mutter mutter-common
python3-apport python3-problem-report python3-uno rfkill snapd
unattended-upgrades uno-libs3 ure util-linux uuid-runtime
yaru-theme-gnome-shell yaru-theme-gtk yaru-theme-icon yaru-theme-sound
96 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 73.4 MB/356 MB of archives.
After this operation, 358 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-modules-5.3.0-42-generic amd64 5.3.0-42.34 [14.2 MB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-image-5.3.0-42-generic amd64 5.3.0-42.34 [8,651 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-modules-extra-5.3.0-42-generic amd64 5.3.0-42.34 [38.3 MB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-generic amd64 5.3.0.42.36 [1,860 B]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-image-generic amd64 5.3.0.42.36 [2,428 B]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-5.3.0-42 all 5.3.0-42.34 [11.0 MB]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-5.3.0-42-generic amd64 5.3.0-42.34 [1,250 kB]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-generic amd64 5.3.0.42.36 [2,384 B]
Fetched 73.4 MB in 2min 4s (590 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:
loading files list file for package 'automake': cannot open /var/lib/dpkg/info/automake.list (Input/output error)
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)
“sudo fdisk -l” 的输出
Disk /dev/sda: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: ST2000DM001-9YN1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 63B039BF-CCA4-4B17-A312-3CAA5FAFB5F5
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/sda2 1050624 3907028991 3905978368 1.8T Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 1.83 TiB, 1987009576960 bytes, 3880878080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 11.99 GiB, 12847153152 bytes, 25092096 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 28.9 GiB, 31010586624 bytes, 60567552 sectors
Disk model: USB DISK 3.0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6132549e
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 0 4812191 4812192 2.3G 0 Empty
/dev/sdb2 4073124 4081059 7936 3.9M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
/dev/sdb3 4812800 60567551 55754752 26.6G 83 Linux
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sda2
e2fsck 1.45.3 (14-Jul-2019)
/dev/sda2 is in use.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
答案1
文件系统检查
让我们首先检查您的文件系统...
- 以“试用 Ubuntu”模式启动 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
terminal按Ctrl+ Alt+打开窗口T- 类型
sudo fsck -f /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root fsck如果有错误则重复命令
坏块
备份完成后...
注意：不要中止坏块扫描！
注意：不要对 SSD 造成坏块
注意：请先备份您的重要文件！
注意：这将花费很多小时
注意：您可能面临硬盘故障
启动至 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB。
在terminal...
sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root# 只读测试
或者
sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root#（受到推崇的）
-k 很重要，因为它会保存之前的坏块表，并将任何新的坏块添加到该表中。如果没有 -k，您将丢失所有之前的坏块信息。
-fccky 参数...
-f Force checking even if the file system seems clean.
-c This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do a
read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks.
If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block
inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
tory. If this option is specified twice, then the bad block
scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.
-k When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks found by
running badblocks(8) will be added to the existing bad blocks
list.
-y Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
used non-interactively. This option may not be specified at the
same time as the -n or -p options.