不过，这个二进制文件比位于 e2fsprogs 中的动态对应文件占用更多空间

Question

这是来自 Synaptic 的。

statically-linked version of the ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem checker
  
This may be of some help to you if your filesystem gets corrupted enough
to break the shared libraries used by the dynamically linked checker.

This binary takes much more space than its dynamic counterpart located
in e2fsprogs, though.

You may want to install a statically-linked shell as well, to be able
to run this program if something like your C library gets corrupted.

这是什么意思？

This binary takes much more space than its **dynamic counterpart** located
    in e2fsprogs, though.

Answer 1

这意味着该软件是静态构建的，因此其所有组件都包含在单个 deb 包中。此类包没有依赖项。这是因为二进制文件是链接为静态- 它在一个文件中包含所有可能的库。

您可以检查软件包依赖关系https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/e2fsck-static确认它没有任何必须安装的依赖项。