对我来说，启动 Ubuntu 20.04 需要很长时间。我运行了命令systemd-analyze，结果如下。
Startup finished in 5.533s (kernel) + 1min 40.647s (userspace) = 1min 46.181s
graphical.target reached after 1min 40.553s in userspace
我该如何减少用户空间时间？有人可以解释一下这是什么吗？
以下是输出systemd-analyze blame
systemd-analyze blame
1min 12.349s plymouth-quit-wait.service
15.221s snapd.service
13.732s networkd-dispatcher.service
13.096s dev-sda4.device
10.283s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
8.650s udisks2.service
8.511s gpu-manager.service
7.907s NetworkManager.service
7.089s dev-loop0.device
7.089s dev-loop1.device
7.015s dev-loop3.device
6.753s dev-loop6.device
6.645s dev-loop9.device
6.614s accounts-daemon.service
6.603s dev-loop18.device
6.552s dev-loop8.device
6.467s dev-loop12.device
6.361s dev-loop13.device
6.257s dev-loop14.device
6.193s dev-loop15.device
6.149s dev-loop17.device
6.139s dev-loop16.device
5.774s polkit.service
lines 1-23...skipping...
1min 12.349s plymouth-quit-wait.service
15.221s snapd.service
13.732s networkd-dispatcher.service
13.096s dev-sda4.device
10.283s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
8.650s udisks2.service
8.511s gpu-manager.service
7.907s NetworkManager.service
7.089s dev-loop0.device
7.089s dev-loop1.device
7.015s dev-loop3.device
6.753s dev-loop6.device
6.645s dev-loop9.device
6.614s accounts-daemon.service
6.603s dev-loop18.device
6.552s dev-loop8.device
6.467s dev-loop12.device
6.361s dev-loop13.device
6.257s dev-loop14.device
6.193s dev-loop15.device
6.149s dev-loop17.device
6.139s dev-loop16.device
5.774s polkit.service
4.736s avahi-daemon.service
4.735s bluetooth.service
4.312s switcheroo-control.service
4.281s dev-loop11.device
4.259s systemd-journal-flush.service
4.246s dev-loop4.device
4.191s dev-loop10.device
4.070s bolt.service
4.062s dev-loop5.device
4.041s fwupd.service
3.943s dev-loop7.device
3.503s thermald.service
3.500s wpa_supplicant.service
3.500s systemd-logind.service
3.300s systemd-resolved.service
3.217s grub-common.service
3.142s apport.service
3.072s e2scrub_reap.service
2.712s systemd-udevd.service
2.582s grub-initrd-fallback.service
2.193s secureboot-db.service
2.165s ModemManager.service
1.813s rsyslog.service
1.798s gdm.service
1.556s systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
1.432s apparmor.service
1.424s pppd-dns.service
1.232s systemd-modules-load.service
1.156s snapd.apparmor.service
1.082s snap-vlc-1700.mount
1.056s snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-36.mount
我正在使用戴尔 G7 17
i7 9750H
Nvidia RTX 2070 MaxQ
16GB 2666 内存
256GB SSD + 1TB HDD
谢谢
编辑#1
我已经重新安装了 Ubuntu 20.04，但即使我进行了最小安装，我的时间也没有改变。我确实安装了 VLC、Terminator 和 Jupyter Notebooks 来执行我的任务。
这是新的时代。
nova@G7:~$ systemd-analyze blame
37.821s plymouth-quit-wait.service
13.609s dev-sda4.device
13.119s networkd-dispatcher.service
11.606s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
10.705s systemd-journal-flush.service
9.914s udisks2.service
8.143s accounts-daemon.service
8.063s dev-loop1.device
8.008s dev-loop2.device
7.920s fwupd.service
7.846s dev-loop4.device
7.665s dev-loop10.device
7.654s dev-loop11.device
7.082s dev-loop8.device
6.791s dev-loop5.device
6.660s NetworkManager.service
6.494s dev-loop9.device
5.541s polkit.service
5.309s dev-loop7.device
5.224s dev-loop12.device
5.154s dev-loop13.device
4.965s gpu-manager.service
4.951s bluetooth.service
4.949s avahi-daemon.service
4.766s dev-loop0.device
4.418s switcheroo-control.service
4.414s thermald.service
4.413s wpa_supplicant.service
4.412s systemd-logind.service
4.344s dev-loop6.device
4.251s ModemManager.service
4.035s apport.service
3.922s grub-common.service
3.853s dev-loop3.device
3.341s bolt.service
3.033s secureboot-db.service
2.699s rsyslog.service
2.370s systemd-resolved.service
2.183s systemd-udevd.service
1.818s gdm.service
1.783s grub-initrd-fallback.service
1.695s systemd-modules-load.service
1.309s keyboard-setup.service
1.219s plymouth-start.service
1.138s systemd-random-seed.service
1.135s apparmor.service
1.093s snapd.seeded.service
1.000s snapd.apparmor.service
945ms colord.service
872ms systemd-sysusers.service
852ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
801ms systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service
760ms [email protected]
708ms e2scrub_reap.service
678ms systemd-rfkill.service
671ms snap-telegram\x2ddesktop-2064.mount
658ms snap-vlc-1700.mount
585ms snapd.service
572ms snap-canonical\x2dlivepatch-95.mount
524ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
514ms upower.service
504ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
493ms swapfile.swap
484ms snap-spotify-42.mount
467ms snap-jupyter-6.mount
443ms systemd-journald.service
438ms snap-core20-634.mount
422ms pppd-dns.service
407ms kerneloops.service
406ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-E2FE\x2dB8EE.service
371ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-24.mount
353ms openvpn.service
345ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d28\x2d1804-128.mount
339ms snap-snap\x2dstore-433.mount
321ms setvtrgb.service
307ms ufw.service
291ms [email protected]
280ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1506.mount
279ms systemd-remount-fs.service
266ms snap-snapd-7264.mount
261ms systemd-sysctl.service
242ms systemd-timesyncd.service
227ms snap-core-9993.mount
194ms console-setup.service
177ms systemd-update-utmp.service
154ms plymouth-read-write.service
146ms snap-discord-115.mount
132ms snap-core18-1705.mount
128ms snap-snapd-9279.mount
103ms dev-hugepages.mount
102ms dev-mqueue.mount
102ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
101ms sys-kernel-tracing.mount
99ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
99ms kmod-static-nodes.service
88ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-36.mount
77ms snap-snap\x2dstore-467.mount
60ms rtkit-daemon.service
48ms boot-efi.mount
46ms systemd-user-sessions.service
33ms snap-core18-1885.mount
20ms dev-loop16.device
14ms dev-loop15.device
9ms [email protected]
7ms dev-loop14.device
7ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
6ms alsa-restore.service
3ms dev-loop17.device
1ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
1ms sys-kernel-config.mount
478us snapd.socket
编辑#2
安装后，我注意到 Ubuntu 软件和其他内置应用程序也需要一些时间来加载。
Ubuntu 已加载到我的硬盘的一个分区上
答案1
有几件事情可以帮助我加快电脑速度。
1.重新安装 Ubuntu。
重新安装时，请确保选择最小安装选项，因为这将减少安装在您电脑上的应用程序和软件包的数量。您可以随时使用终端手动添加所需的任何内容。
2. 使用 SSD。
在我的电脑上，Ubuntu 安装在硬盘上，这使得启动时间变慢
3. 当双启动 PC 时，使用驱动器的第一个分区。
当我第一次在硬盘上双启动 Ubuntu 时，第一个分区用于存储 Windows 使用的数据。此后，Windows 创建了一些必要的部分，最后是 Ubuntu 的分区。计算机按顺序扫描所有分区，然后在到达 Ubuntu 驱动器（在我的情况下是 sdb4）时启动到 Ubuntu。
现在完成所有这些后，我的启动时间已大大减少。