编辑：一定是驱动程序问题。UGREEN ASIX AX88179 经常在我的某个端口上断开连接（见下文）。我订购了一个 ANKER 加密狗，它在两个端口上都能稳定运行。
它使用：
Realtek RTL8153 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter type: USB driver: r8152
我的作业：
Kernel: 5.4.0-62-lowlatency x86_64 bits: 64 Desktop: Xfce 4.14.2
Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS (Focal Fossa)
Machine: Type: Desktop Mobo: MSI model: H81M-E34 (MS-7817) v: 3.0 serial: <superuser/root required>
BIOS: American Megatrends v: 17.5 date: 03/30/2015
CPU: Topology: Quad Core model: Intel Core i5-4460 bits: 64 type: MCP L2 cache: 6144 KiB
Speed: 3361 MHz min/max: 800/3400 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 3345 2: 3385 3: 3335 4: 3316
Graphics: Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.9 driver: modesetting unloaded: fbdev,vesa resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2) v: 4.5 Mesa 20.2.6
Audio: Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-2: BEHRINGER UMC204HD 192k type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio
Device-3: AKAI Professional M.I. type: USB driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.4.0-62-lowlatency
Network: Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet driver: r8169
IF: enp2s0 state: down mac: d8:cb:8a:e8:e9:99
Device-2: Realtek RTL8153 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter type: USB driver: r8152
IF: enx00e04c000176 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 00:e0:4c:00:01:76
Drives: Local Storage: total: 537.79 GiB used: 95.49 GiB (17.8%)
ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Samsung model: SSD 850 EVO 250GB size: 232.89 GiB
ID-2: /dev/sdb type: USB vendor: Samsung model: Portable SSD T5 size: 232.89 GiB
ID-3: /dev/sdc type: USB vendor: Transcend model: JetFlash Transcend 16GB size: 14.71 GiB
ID-4: /dev/sdd type: USB vendor: SanDisk model: Ultra size: 57.30 GiB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 36.41 GiB used: 12.20 GiB (33.5%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda1
ID-2: /home size: 184.23 GiB used: 83.29 GiB (45.2%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda6
ID-3: swap-1 size: 7.45 GiB used: 0 KiB (0.0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda5
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 32.0 C mobo: N/A
Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Info: Processes: 216 Uptime: 25m Memory: 7.23 GiB used: 1.81 GiB (25.0%) Shell: bash inxi: 3.0.38
我订购了一个 UGREEN ASIX AX88179 USB 3 以太网适配器，但遇到了一些问题：我在 USB 2 端口上对其进行了测试，适配器似乎工作正常。在背面，我在两个 USB 3 端口上对其进行了测试。在其中一个端口上，网络不断断开连接并重新连接。日记帐条目如下所示：
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: Manufacturer: ASIX Elec. Corp.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, 00:0e:c6:74:5d:eb
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: Manufacturer: ASIX Elec. Corp.
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, 00:0e:c6:74:5d:eb
Jan 13 23:07:24 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
Jan 13 23:07:24 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: Manufacturer: ASIX Elec. Corp.
Jan 13 23:07:24 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, 00:0e:c6:74:5d:eb
Jan 13 23:07:30 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
Jan 13 23:07:31 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: Manufacturer: ASIX Elec. Corp.
Jan 13 23:07:31 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, 00:0e:c6:74:5d:eb
Jan 13 23:07:41 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
完整版本：
Jan 13 23:07:06 marco-MS-7817 named[800]: managed-keys-zone: Key 20326 for zone . is now trusted (acceptance timer complete)
Jan 13 23:07:15 marco-MS-7817 systemd-resolved[617]: Using degraded feature set (UDP) for DNS server 192.168.178.1.
Jan 13 23:07:16 marco-MS-7817 systemd[1]: NetworkManager-dispatcher.service: Succeeded.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 avahi-daemon[653]: Interface enx000ec6745deb.IPv4 no longer relevant for mDNS.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: USB disconnect, device number 27
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN Set TR Deq Ptr cmd failed due to incorrect slot or ep state.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: Failed to read reg index 0x0002: -19
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 avahi-daemon[653]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface enx000ec6745deb.IPv4 with address 192.168.178.33.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 NetworkManager[662]: <info> [1610575638.2244] device (enx000ec6745deb): state change: activated -> unmanaged (reason 'removed', sys-iface-state: 'removed')
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 avahi-daemon[653]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.178.33 on enx000ec6745deb.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 whoopsie[2095]: [23:07:18] Cannot reach: https://daisy.ubuntu.com
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 whoopsie[2095]: [23:07:18] offline
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 named[800]: no longer listening on 192.168.178.33#53
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 NetworkManager[662]: <info> [1610575638.2287] dhcp4 (enx000ec6745deb): canceled DHCP transaction
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 NetworkManager[662]: <info> [1610575638.2287] dhcp4 (enx000ec6745deb): state changed bound -> done
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0001: -19
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb (unregistered): Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 NetworkManager[662]: <info> [1610575638.2296] manager: NetworkManager state is now DISCONNECTED
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 dbus-daemon[661]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service' requested by ':1.10' (uid=0 pid=662 comm="/usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon " label="unconf>
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 systemd[1]: Starting Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service...
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 dbus-daemon[661]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher'
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 systemd[1]: Started Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 nm-dispatcher[18403]: run-parts: failed to stat component /etc/network/if-post-down.d/avahi-daemon: No such file or directory
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 28 using xhci_hcd
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: New USB device found, idVendor=0b95, idProduct=1790, bcdDevice= 1.00
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: Product: AX88179
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: Manufacturer: ASIX Elec. Corp.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: SerialNumber: 00000000000179
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 NetworkManager[662]: <info> [1610575638.8005] manager: (eth0): new Ethernet device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/143)
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 eth0: register 'ax88179_178a' at usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet, 00:0e:c6:74:5d:eb
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 mtp-probe[18413]: checking bus 6, device 28: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5/0000:03:00.0/usb6/6-3"
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 mtp-probe[18413]: bus: 6, device: 28 was not an MTP device
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 systemd-udevd[18384]: Using default interface naming scheme 'v245'.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 systemd-udevd[18384]: ethtool: autonegotiation is unset or enabled, the speed and duplex are not writable.
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: renamed from eth0
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 NetworkManager[662]: <info> [1610575638.8301] device (eth0): interface index 143 renamed iface from 'eth0' to 'enx000ec6745deb'
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 NetworkManager[662]: <info> [1610575638.8368] device (enx000ec6745deb): state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed', sys-iface-state: 'external')
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 mtp-probe[18418]: checking bus 6, device 28: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5/0000:03:00.0/usb6/6-3"
Jan 13 23:07:18 marco-MS-7817 mtp-probe[18418]: bus: 6, device: 28 was not an MTP device
Jan 13 23:07:19 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: ax88179 - Link status is: 1
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 ModemManager[802]: <info> Couldn't check support for device '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5/0000:03:00.0/usb6/6-3': not supported by any plugin
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: usb 6-3: USB disconnect, device number 28
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: unregister 'ax88179_178a' usb-0000:03:00.0-3, ASIX AX88179 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: WARN Set TR Deq Ptr cmd failed due to incorrect slot or ep state.
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: Failed to read reg index 0x0002: -19
Jan 13 23:07:21 marco-MS-7817 kernel: ax88179_178a 6-3:1.0 enx000ec6745deb: Failed to write reg index 0x0002: -19
在紧邻上方 USB 3 端口的端口上，连接更加稳定，并且仅丢失过一次连接（这当然也是不可接受的）。
驱动程序是内核的一部分，设备应该可以正常工作。但是，在网上搜索时，发现更多人遇到 USB3 的类似问题（Windows 或 Mac 上也有）。我可以更换加密狗，然后换一个能用的。你能推荐一下吗？例如 realtek 是“更好的”固件吗？
我也不明白为什么两个 USB3 端口之间会有这么大的差异。我多次将 3GB 复制到连接到“坏”USB 端口的 USB 棒上，并检查了 SHA 总和。它工作正常，所以我猜端口不是问题所在。
我的系统配置：
Kernel: 5.4.0-60-lowlatency x86_64 bits: 64 Desktop: Xfce 4.14.2
Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS (Focal Fossa)
Machine: Type: Desktop Mobo: MSI model: H81M-E34 (MS-7817) v: 3.0 serial: <superuser/root required>
BIOS: American Megatrends v: 17.5 date: 03/30/2015
CPU: Topology: Quad Core model: Intel Core i5-4460 bits: 64 type: MCP L2 cache: 6144 KiB
Speed: 3309 MHz min/max: 800/3400 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 3277 2: 3386 3: 3334 4: 3336
Graphics: Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.9 driver: modesetting unloaded: fbdev,vesa resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2) v: 4.5 Mesa 20.2.6
Audio: Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-2: BEHRINGER UMC204HD 192k type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio
Device-3: AKAI Professional M.I. type: USB driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.4.0-60-lowlatency
Network: Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet driver: r8169
IF: enp2s0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: d8:cb:8a:e8:e9:99
Drives: Local Storage: total: 635.72 GiB used: 204.64 GiB (32.2%)
ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Samsung model: SSD 850 EVO 250GB size: 232.89 GiB
ID-2: /dev/sdb type: USB vendor: Samsung model: Portable SSD T5 size: 232.89 GiB
ID-3: /dev/sdc type: USB vendor: SanDisk model: Ultra size: 57.30 GiB
ID-4: /dev/sdd type: USB vendor: Transcend model: JetFlash Transcend 128GB size: 112.64 GiB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 36.41 GiB used: 11.53 GiB (31.7%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda1
ID-2: /home size: 184.23 GiB used: 79.05 GiB (42.9%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda6
ID-3: swap-1 size: 7.45 GiB used: 47.2 MiB (0.6%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda5
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 30.0 C mobo: N/A
Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Info: Processes: 221 Uptime: 1h 20m Memory: 7.23 GiB used: 2.11 GiB (29.2%) Shell: bash inxi: 3.0.38
lsusb -v -s 006:009
Bus 006 Device 009: ID 0b95:1790 ASIX Electronics Corp. AX88179 Gigabit Ethernet
Couldn't open device, some information will be missing
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 3.00
bDeviceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class
bDeviceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 9
idVendor 0x0b95 ASIX Electronics Corp.
idProduct 0x1790 AX88179 Gigabit Ethernet
bcdDevice 1.00
iManufacturer 1
iProduct 2
iSerial 3
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 0x0039
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0xa0
(Bus Powered)
Remote Wakeup
MaxPower 496mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 3
bInterfaceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class
bInterfaceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass
bInterfaceProtocol 0
iInterface 4
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 3
Transfer Type Interrupt
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes
bInterval 11
bMaxBurst 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 3
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 15