我安装了一个新的二手 gpu（Tahiti PRO [Radeon HD 7950/8950 OEM / R9 280]）。它在启动时冻结，我使用 grub 恢复模式尝试摆弄 amd 的驱动程序。我发现这个命令据说可以安装所有可能的 amd gpu 驱动程序：
sudo apt-get 安装 git && git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git && sudo cp -v -u linux-firmware/amdgpu/* /lib/firmware/amdgpu && sudo update-initramfs -uk all
之后我尝试重启，这样我就可以访问 TTY 了。这是 sudo journalctl -p 3 -xb 的输出
-- Logs begin at Wed 2020-11-04 19:03:22 EST, end at Wed 2021-02-10 20:59:38 EST. --
Feb 10 20:40:39 desktop kernel: kfd kfd: amdgpu: TAHITI not supported in kfd
Feb 10 20:40:39 desktop systemd-udevd[419]: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-amdgpu.rules:1 Invalid operator for GROUP.
Feb 10 20:40:43 desktop sddm[1063]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 10 20:40:43 desktop sddm[1063]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 10 20:40:44 desktop sddm[1835]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 10 20:40:44 desktop sddm[1835]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 10 20:40:46 desktop sddm[1926]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 10 20:40:46 desktop sddm[1926]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 10 20:40:47 desktop sddm[2067]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 10 20:40:47 desktop sddm[2067]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 10 20:40:49 desktop sddm[2756]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 10 20:40:49 desktop sddm[2756]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 10 20:40:50 desktop systemd[1]: Failed to start Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes.
-- Subject: A start job for unit gpu-manager.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A start job for unit gpu-manager.service has finished with a failure.
--
-- The job identifier is 1253 and the job result is failed.
Feb 10 20:40:50 desktop systemd[1]: Failed to start Simple Desktop Display Manager.
-- Subject: A start job for unit sddm.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A start job for unit sddm.service has finished with a failure.
--
-- The job identifier is 1178 and the job result is failed.
Feb 10 20:40:59 desktop systemd[3784]: mpd.socket: Failed to create listening socket ([::]:6600): Address already in use
目前唯一有效的是 /etc/default/grub 中的 nomodeset。
输出为
猫/etc/udev/rules.d/70-amdgpu.rules
是：
内核==“kfd”, 组==“视频”, 模式=“0660”
尝试删除导致错误的 udev 规则后，我收到以下信息：
Feb 11 14:51:25 desktop kernel: kfd kfd: amdgpu: TAHITI not supported in kfd
Feb 11 14:51:25 desktop kernel: kfd kfd: amdgpu: error getting iommu info. is the iommu enabled?
Feb 11 14:51:25 desktop kernel: kfd kfd: amdgpu: Error initializing iommuv2
Feb 11 14:51:25 desktop kernel: kfd kfd: amdgpu: device 1002:15dd NOT added due to errors
Feb 11 14:51:29 desktop sddm[1100]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 11 14:51:29 desktop sddm[1100]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 11 14:51:30 desktop sddm[1817]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 11 14:51:30 desktop sddm[1817]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 11 14:51:32 desktop sddm[1953]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 11 14:51:32 desktop sddm[1953]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 11 14:51:33 desktop sddm[2083]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 11 14:51:33 desktop sddm[2083]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 11 14:51:35 desktop sddm[2633]: Failed to read display number from pipe
Feb 11 14:51:35 desktop sddm[2633]: Display server failed to start. Exiting
Feb 11 14:51:36 desktop systemd[1]: Failed to start Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes.
-- Subject: A start job for unit gpu-manager.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A start job for unit gpu-manager.service has finished with a failure.
--
-- The job identifier is 1238 and the job result is failed.
Feb 11 14:51:36 desktop systemd[1]: Failed to start Simple Desktop Display Manager.
-- Subject: A start job for unit sddm.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A start job for unit sddm.service has finished with a failure.
--
-- The job identifier is 1163 and the job result is failed.
Feb 11 14:52:20 desktop systemd[4019]: mpd.socket: Failed to create listening socket ([::]:6600): Address already in use
Feb 11 14:52:20 desktop systemd[4019]: Failed to listen on mpd.socket.
-- Subject: A start job for unit UNIT has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A start job for unit UNIT has finished with a failure.
--
-- The job identifier is 22 and the job result is failed.
2 月 11 日 14:52:20 桌面 systemd[4019]: 无法启动音乐播放器守护进程。-- 主题：单元 UNIT 的启动作业失败 -- 定义者：systemd -- 支持：http://www.ubuntu.com/support -- -- 单元 UNIT 的启动作业已失败完成。-- -- 作业标识符为 26，作业结果失败。
这是我的系统规格。
操作系统：Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS x86_64
内核：5.4.0-65-generic
DE：等离子
一些可能相关的其他信息：
-每次我登录桌面环境时，Ksplashqml 都会崩溃，如果我单击重新启动应用程序，桌面环境就会崩溃，我又会回到 TTY。
-每次我关闭 Konsole 时，它都会提示 Konsole 已意外关闭。其他一些程序也会出现这种情况，但不是全部。Firefox 出于某种原因不会出现这种情况。
-我的两个显示器都显示相同的输出。Xrandr 给我这个
xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default
Screen 0: minimum 1920 x 1080, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 1920 x 1080
default connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 0mm x 0mm
1920x1080 77.00*
答案1
好像==中有一个太多了GROUP=="video"，我已将其更改为GROUP="video"，并且“GROUP 的运算符无效”错误消失了。