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Debian 7 到 8 初始化脚本问题

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Debian 7 到 8 初始化脚本问题

我最近将在虚拟机 (Debian 7.8) 上运行的本地服务迁移到物理计算机 (Debian 8.5)，迁移后，我的初始化脚本停止工作。我知道 Wheezy 和 Jessie 之间的 init 进程等发生了一些重大变化，但据我所知，这些更改应该仍然与我的 init 脚本兼容。我很确定我按照上面的说明对脚本进行了“LSBized”Debian 维基无论如何，仍然非常接近旧的骨架示例。

我做了很多尝试，试图弄清楚发生了什么，我很确定脚本（通常？）正在崩溃 - 或者至少停止 - 在/lib/lsb/init-functions.我不知道为什么会发生这种情况。

得出这个结论后，我将 init 脚本修剪为一个（相当笨拙）较短的版本，不使用 init 函数；它只是将 bash 进程分叉到子子 shell 中，因此它将被孤立。这似乎效果更好一些，但新服务设置仍然偶尔会出现问题。我对修复这个管道胶带和捆扎线解决方案不太感兴趣，因为我正在弄清楚为什么我的更标准的初始化脚本行为不当。

有任何想法吗？

这是我的旧初始化脚本：

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          myd
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Initscript for myService daemon
### END INIT INFO

# Do NOT "set -e"

# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="myService daemon"
NAME=myd
DAEMON=/home/uname/myService/bin/$NAME
DAEMON_ARGS=""
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh

# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present
# and status_of_proc is working.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
    # Return
    #   0 if daemon has been started
    #   1 if daemon was already running
    #   2 if daemon could not be started
    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet \
        --background \
        --pidfile $PIDFILE \
        --make-pidfile \
        --user uname \
        --chuid uname \
                --startas /bin/bash \
        --test \
        -- -c "exec $DAEMON >> /.myd/var/init.log 2>&1" \
        || return 1
    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet \
        --background \
        --pidfile $PIDFILE \
        --make-pidfile \
        --user uname \
        --chuid uname \
                --startas /bin/bash \
        -- -c "exec $DAEMON >> /home/uname/.myd/var/init.log 2>&1" \
                || return 2
    # Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready
    # to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend
    # on this one.  As a last resort, sleep for some time.
    return 0
}

#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
    # Return
    #   0 if daemon has been stopped
    #   1 if daemon was already stopped
    #   2 if daemon could not be stopped
    #   other if a failure occurred
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet \
        --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 \
        --pidfile $PIDFILE \
        --name $NAME
    RETVAL="$?"
    [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
    # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
    # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
    # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
    # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
    # needed by services started subsequently.  A last resort is to
    # sleep for some time.
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo \
        --retry=0/30/KILL/5 \
        --exec $DAEMON
    [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2

    # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
    rm -f $PIDFILE
    return "$RETVAL"
}

#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
    #
    # If the daemon can reload its configuration without
    # restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),
    # then implement that here.
    #
    start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet \
        --pidfile $PIDFILE \
        --name $NAME
    return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
    log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
    do_start
    case "$?" in
        0|1) log_end_msg 0
        ;;
        2) log_end_msg 1
        ;;
    esac
    ;;
  stop)
    log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
    do_stop
    case "$?" in
        0|1) log_end_msg 0
        ;;
        2) log_end_msg 1
        ;;
    esac
    ;;
  status)
    status_of_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
    ;;
  #reload|force-reload)
    #
    # If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out
    # and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.
    #
    #log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
    #do_reload
    #log_end_msg $?
    #;;
  restart|force-reload)
    #
    # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
    # 'force-reload' alias
    #
    log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
    do_stop
    case "$?" in
      0|1)
        do_start
        case "$?" in
            0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
            1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
            *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
        esac
        ;;
      *)
        # Failed to stop
        log_end_msg 1
        ;;
    esac
    ;;
  *)
    #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;
esac

:

我的新（笨拙）脚本（大部分）有效：

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          myd
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Initscript for myService daemon
### END INIT INFO

# Do NOT "set -e"

# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="myService daemon"
NAME=myd
DAEMON=/home/uname/myService/bin/$NAME
DAEMON_ARGS=""
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
    (
        runuser -l uname "$DAEMON" >/dev/null 2>&1 &
        echo "$!" > "$PIDFILE"
    )
    return 0
}

#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
    PID="$(cat $PIDFILE)"
    kill "$PID" >/dev/null 2>&1

    #Give myd 5 seconds for an orderly shutdown
    for i in $(seq 1 5); do
        sleep 1
        if [ ! kill -0 "$PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 ]; then
            rm "$PIDFILE"
            return 0;
        fi
    done

    #No more playing nice: KILL THE DAEMON
    if [ kill -0 "$PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 ]; then
        echo "Orderly shutdown failed, sending kill signal"
        kill -9 "$PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
    fi

    #Give myd 5 more seconds then fail
    for i in $(seq 1 5); do
        sleep 1
        if [ ! kill -0 "$PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 ]; then
            rm "$PIDFILE"
            return 0;
        fi
    done

    #FAILED
    echo "Failed to kill $DESC $NAME"
    return 1
}

case "$1" in
  start)
    echo "Starting $DESC $NAME" >&2
    do_start
    ;;
  stop)
    echo "Stopping $DESC $NAME" >&2
    do_stop
    ;;
  restart|force-reload)
    #
    # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
    # 'force-reload' alias
    #
    echo "Restarting $DESC $NAME" >&2
    do_stop
    do_start
    ;;
  *)
    #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;
esac

:

顺便说一句，经过多次谷歌搜索和令人头疼的事情之后，我仍然不太了解用于依赖项启动等的新系统。有人可以为我指出一些（当前）文档的方向，以便我可以自学好一点？我讨厌对我正在使用的系统一无所知。

谢谢！

答案1

您可能应该考虑转换为本机 systemd 单元，因为您的 init 脚本相当典型，例如，您可以完全删除停止代码并让 systemd 的默认机制为您工作，因为您有一个 PIDFILE，它可以在其中检查守护进程是否在正在运行，因此知道如何杀死它（请参阅 参考资料man systemd.kill）。

systemd 有一个很大的学习曲线，但你可以从这个博客由 Lennart Poettering 本人转换为 systemd。

通常，由于内置的​​ systemd 兼容性，您的初始化脚本应该继续工作。在 中查看man systemd-sysv-generator并查找脚本的 systemd 单元文件包装器。myd/run/systemd/generator.late/myd.service

检查脚本的状态和日志

sudo systemctl status myd

并以类似的方式停止和启动它。请注意陷阱我在中描述了这个答案对 systemd 认为已经启动的事物进行第二次启动将不会产生任何效果。

看这个维基用于将 System V 或像您这样的新贵脚本转换为本机 systemd 单元。

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