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debconf：apt-extracttemplates 失败：没有该文件或目录

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debconf：apt-extracttemplates 失败：没有该文件或目录

我正在运行命令sudo apt install mongodb-org。然后出现了这些错误。

E: Cannot get debconf version. Is debconf installed?
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 31%E: Cannot get debconf version. Is debconf installed?
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 63%E: Cannot get debconf version. Is debconf installed?
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 94%E: Cannot get debconf version. Is debconf installed?
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
dpkg: error: unable to create new file '/var/lib/dpkg/info/format-new': No such 
file or directory
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)

我正在使用 Ubuntu 20.04。

输出ls -ls /var/lib/dpkg/info/{,format-new} | head -n2

ls: cannot access '/var/lib/dpkg/info/': No such file or directory
ls: cannot access '/var/lib/dpkg/info/format-new': No such file or directory

输出apt-cache policy debconf

debconf:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.5.73
  Version table:
     1.5.73 500
        500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages

答案1

您的系统已严重损坏。以下是在低级别上修复此情况的可能方法：

# create missed dpkg info directory
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info/

# create missed dpkg alternatives directory
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives

# recreate other directories as well
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/{parts,triggers,updates}

# update package lists
sudo apt-get update

# install missed debconf package
sudo apt-get install debconf

# reinstall all currently installed packages to correctly fill /var/lib/dpkg/info/
sudo apt-get install --reinstall $(dpkg -l | grep ^ii | awk '{print $2}')

最后使用以下命令安装所有软件包：

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install mongodb-org

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