~/.xprofile我在Ubuntu 20.04中使用以下几行来映射Capslock到ESC和Ctrl：
# make CapsLock behave like Ctrl:
setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps
# make short-pressed Ctrl behave like Escape:
xcape -e 'Control_L=Escape'
对我来说非常好用。
我的问题是它无法可靠地挂起/恢复。为此，我尝试了两种不同的解决方案：
1. 通过脚本capsmap输入/usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep/
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
pre)
#code execution BEFORE sleeping/hibernating/suspending
;;
post)
#code execution AFTER resuming
/usr/bin/echo "executing: /usr/bin/setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps"
/usr/bin/setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps
/usr/bin/echo "executing: /usr/bin/xcape -e 'Control_L=Escape'"
/usr/bin/xcape -e 'Control_L=Escape'
;;
esac
exit 0
我已经使脚本可执行，sudo chmod +x capsmap并且可以从日志中看到它在适当的时间被调用：
$ journalctl
...
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd-sleep[401221]: System resumed.
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb kernel: Bluetooth: hci0: Device revision is 5
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb kernel: Bluetooth: hci0: Secure boot is enabled
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb kernel: Bluetooth: hci0: OTP lock is enabled
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb kernel: Bluetooth: hci0: API lock is enabled
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb kernel: Bluetooth: hci0: Debug lock is disabled
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb kernel: Bluetooth: hci0: Minimum firmware build 1 week 10 2014
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb kernel: Bluetooth: hci0: Found device firmware: intel/ibt-11-5.sfi
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd-sleep[401287]: executing: /usr/bin/setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd-sleep[401288]: Cannot open display "default display"
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd-sleep[401291]: executing: /usr/bin/xcape -e 'Control_L=Escape'
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd-sleep[401293]: Unable to connect to X11 display. Is $DISPLAY set?
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd[1]: systemd-suspend.service: Succeeded.
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd[1]: Finished Suspend.
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd[1]: Stopped target Sleep.
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd[1]: Reached target Suspend.
Okt 09 13:29:12 nb systemd[1]: Stopped target Suspend.
...
然而，映射只是有时适用。很多时候，Capslock它只是表现正常。
2. 通过 systemd 服务
我添加了一个服务文件capsmap.service，其etc/systemd/system/内容如下：
[Unit]
Description=Map Capslock to ESC and Ctrl
After=suspend.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/capsmap
TimeoutSec=0
StandardOutput=syslog
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target suspend.target
文件/usr/local/bin/capsmap为
#!/bin/bash
# make CapsLock behave like Ctrl:
/usr/bin/echo "executing: /usr/bin/setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps"
/usr/bin/setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps
# make short-pressed Ctrl behave like Escape:
/usr/bin/echo "executing: /usr/bin/xcape -e 'Control_L=Escape'"
/usr/bin/xcape -e 'Control_L=Escape'
exit 0
然后使用 启用该服务sudo systemctl enable capsmap.service。
同样在这种情况下，我可以看到journalctl脚本已成功执行，但正常Capslock行为仍然存在。
$journalctl
...
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb systemd[1]: Stopped target Suspend.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb NetworkManager[1049]: <info> [1633777676.0331] manager: sleep: wake requested (sleeping: yes enabled: yes)
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb ModemManager[1137]: <info> [sleep-monitor] system is resuming
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb NetworkManager[1049]: <info> [1633777676.0332] device (enp0s31f6): state change: activated -> unmanaged (reason 'sleeping', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb systemd[1761]: Stopped target Bluetooth.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb upowerd[1344]: treating change event as add on /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb capsmap[378798]: executing: /usr/bin/setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb systemd[1761]: Reached target Bluetooth.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb NetworkManager[1049]: <info> [1633777676.0498] dhcp4 (enp0s31f6): canceled DHCP transaction
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb capsmap[378799]: Cannot open display "default display"
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb NetworkManager[1049]: <info> [1633777676.0498] dhcp4 (enp0s31f6): state changed bound -> done
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb avahi-daemon[1041]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.178.54 on enp0s31f6.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb avahi-daemon[1041]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface enp0s31f6.IPv4 with address 192.168.178.54.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb avahi-daemon[1041]: Interface enp0s31f6.IPv4 no longer relevant for mDNS.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb avahi-daemon[1041]: Withdrawing address record for fe80::778b:d324:d55d:a503 on enp0s31f6.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb avahi-daemon[1041]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface enp0s31f6.IPv6 with address fe80::778b:d324:d55d:a503.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb avahi-daemon[1041]: Interface enp0s31f6.IPv6 no longer relevant for mDNS.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb systemd[1]: Started Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status.
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb capsmap[378800]: executing: /usr/bin/xcape -e 'Control_L=Escape'
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb NetworkManager[1049]: <info> [1633777676.0545] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb capsmap[378805]: Unable to connect to X11 display. Is $DISPLAY set?
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb kernel: kauditd_printk_skb: 9 callbacks suppressed
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb kernel: audit: type=1107 audit(1633777676.068:1737): pid=1047 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_signal" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/30" interface="org.fr>
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb kernel: audit: type=1107 audit(1633777676.068:1738): pid=1047 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_signal" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/30" interface="org.fr>
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb audit[1047]: USER_AVC pid=1047 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_signal" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/30" interface="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Connec>
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb audit[1047]: USER_AVC pid=1047 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_signal" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/30" interface="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Connec>
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
Okt 09 13:07:56 nb systemd[1]: capsmap.service: Succeeded.
...