我使用了 Lubuntu 19.04，声音效果很好。我最近在临时安装上升级到了 Lubuntu 21.10；不幸的是，笔记本的内置扬声器没有声音，耳机的 P2 连接也没有声音。
我在网上读了一些文章，但还是没能解决问题。当我访问 PulseAudio 音量控制时，我发现没有声音输出选项，只写了“虚拟输出”。当我使用命令“alsamixer”进入终端时，首先出现的是“此声音设备没有任何控件”。如果我按 F6（选择声卡），会出现一个选项“Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audio”，即使我选择了它，也不会发生任何新的事情。
我还重新安装了 PulseAudio 和 ALSA，并使用了“sudo alsa force-reload”命令，重新启动了系统，但没有任何效果；我怀疑这是否与驱动程序或内核有关，但是，我在这方面知之甚少，我不知道该如何处理这个问题……
唯一能提供声音反馈的是 HDMI 输出，因为这是将某些东西连接到此端口时的唯一输出选项（就我而言，我将其用作第二台显示器，而不是音频）。由于我没有 USB 扬声器，因此我还没有测试通过 USB 端口的声音输出。
如果有帮助的话，这里是一些命令的输出：
uname -a
Linux mwe-desktop1 5.13.0-20-generic #20-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 15 14:21:35 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
lspci
00:000.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series SoC Transaction Register (rev 36)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 36)
00:03.0 Multimedia controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Imaging Unit (rev 36)
00:0b.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Power Management Controller (rev 36)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series USB xHCI Controller (rev 36)
00:1a.0 Encryption controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Trusted Execution Engine (rev 36)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series PCU (rev 36)
inxi -A
Audio:
Device-1: Intel Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor
x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Imaging Unit
driver: N/A
Sound Server-1: ALSA v: k5.13.0-20-generic running: yes
Sound Server-2: PulseAudio v: 15.0 running: yes
Sound Server-3: PipeWire v: 0.3.32 running: yes
cat /proc/asound/cards
0 [Audio ]: HdmiLpeAudio - Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audio
Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audio
lspci -v | grep -i audio
(no return)
cat /proc/asound/devices
1: : sequencer
2: [0- 0]: digital audio playback
3: [0-1]: digital audio playback
4: [0-2]: digital audio playback
5: [0]: control
33: : timer
aplay --list-devices
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Audio [Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audio], device 0: HdmiLpeAudio [Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audi]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Audio [Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audio], device 1: HdmiLpeAudio [Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audi]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Audio [Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audio], device 2: HdmiLpeAudio [Intel HDMI/DP LPE Audi]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
grep snd /proc/asound/modules
0 snd_hdmi_lpe_audio
lsmod | grep snd
snd_soc_sst_cht_bsw_nau8824 16384 0
snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt 28672 0
snd_sof_intel_ipc 20480 1 snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt
snd_sof_acpi 20480 1 snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt
snd_sof_xtensa_dsp 16384 1 snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt
snd_sof 135168 3 snd_sof_acpi,snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt,snd_sof_intel_ipc
ledtrig_audio 16384 1 snd_sof
snd_intel_sst_acpi 20480 0
snd_soc_acpi_intel_match 49152 2 snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt,snd_intel_sst_acpi
snd_soc_acpi 16384 3 snd_soc_acpi_intel_match,snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt,snd_intel_sst_acpi
snd_intel_sst_core 61440 1 snd_intel_sst_acpi
snd_soc_sst_atom_hifi2_platform 110592 1 snd_intel_sst_core
snd_hdmi_lpe_audio 28672 2
snd_intel_dspcfg 28672 2 snd_sof_acpi_intel_byt,snd_intel_sst_acpi
snd_intel_sdw_acpi 20480 1 snd_intel_dspcfg
snd_seq_midi 20480 0
snd_seq_midi_event 16384 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_soc_nau8824 65536 1 snd_soc_sst_cht_bsw_nau8824
snd_rawmidi 36864 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_soc_core 290816 4 snd_soc_sst_cht_bsw_nau8824,snd_sof,snd_soc_nau8824,snd_soc_sst_atom hifi2_platform
snd_compress 28672 1 snd_soc_core
ac97_bus 16384 1 snd_soc_core
snd_seq 73728 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_pcm_dmaengine 16384 1 snd_soc_core
snd_pcm 118784 9 snd_soc_sst_cht_bsw_nau8824,snd_sof,snd_soc_nau8824,snd_sof_intel_ipc,snd_compress,snd_hdmi_lpe_audio,snd_soc_sst_atom_deng_pcm,sand_platine
snd_seq_device 16384 3 snd_seq,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi
snd_timer 40960 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
snd 94208 14 snd_seq,snd_soc_sst_cht_bsw_nau8824,snd_seq_device,snd_timer,snd_compress,snd_hdmi_lpe_audio,snd_soc_sst_atom_hifi2_platform,snd_socr_pawcm,idisnd
soundcore 16384 1 snd
cat /proc/asound/version
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version k5.13.0-20-generic.
从现在起，我感谢您花时间和帮助解决这个问题，抱歉我的英语不好，我用的是谷歌翻译，它更快。至于我用的电脑，它是国产的，品牌是“Positivo”，也许这在考虑硬件问题时是相关的。
错误消息： 启动系统时（通过 pendrive，在系统安装时），出现以下消息：
sof-audio-acpi-intel-byt 808622AB:00: error: tplg request firmware intel/sof-tplg/sof-cht-nau8824.tplg failed err: -2
sof-audio-acpi-intel-byt 808622AB:00: you may need to download the firmware from https://github.com/thesofproject/sof-bin/
sof-audio-acpi-intel-byt 808622AB:00: error: failed to load DSP topology -2
sof-audio-acpi-intel-byt 808622AB:00: ASoC: error at snd_soc_component_probe on 808622AB:00: -2
cht-bsw-nau8824 cht-bsw-nau8824: ASoC: failed to instantiate card -2
cht-bsw-nau8824 cht-bsw-nau8824: snd_soc_register_card failed -2
atomsip-isp2 0000:00:03.0: Support for Cherrytrail (ISP2401) was disabled at compile time
答案1
当我将 Medion E2228T 升级到 21.10 时，我也遇到了同样的问题。
它还可以在 Atom x5 上运行，但看起来新的 5.13 内核与它配合不太好。
看了 dmesg 后我发现https://github.com/thesofproject/sof-bin解决了我的问题。我备份了固件文件，运行了安装脚本，一切就绪了。
我现在可以看到一个正常工作的“内置音频”设备，旁边还有“Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Integrated Graphics Controller”，该设备在声音设置/硬件上继续显示为已停用。选择内置音频可使我的扬声器和耳机正常工作。