戴尔笔记本电脑最近安装了带有 HWE 内核的 Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS。笔记本电脑配有英特尔集成 GPU 和 nVidia 独立 GPU。
从 Live USB 安装时，我说“是”安装任何专有驱动程序，这反过来为 SecureBoot 创建了一个 MOK 签名。
但据我所知，它没有使用任何 nVidia 专有驱动程序，而是使用了新的开源驱动程序，就像下面的截图一样（不是与我的截图完全一样，但由于我目前无法运行 X11，所以只是看上去相似，但我记得这是我在考虑尝试专有驱动程序时看到的）：
此外，我似乎记得它实际上是为 X11 使用集成的 Intel GPU，而不是独立的 nVidia GPU。现在我不再有证据证明这一点，只是当我做诸如 之类的事情时lspci -vv，我只将 Intel 视为“VGA 兼容控制器”等……因此，我正考虑尝试专有驱动程序。
uname：
Linux 5.13.0-27-generic #29~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 14 00:32:30 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
lsb-发布：
$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=focal
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS"
使用笔记本电脑几天后，当我执行'sudo apt-get update'和时'sudo apt-get upgrade'，它确实提到了一些“保留”的变化。
接下来，mesa-utils通过 CLI 安装：
sudo apt-get install mesa-utils
/var/log/apt/history.log今天的节目（将用户名替换为 xxxxxx ）：
Start-Date: 2022-01-26 09:11:02
Commandline: apt-get install mesa-utils
Requested-By: xxxxxx (1000)
Install: mesa-utils:amd64 (8.4.0-1build1)
End-Date: 2022-01-26 09:11:03
然后从 GNOME 桌面运行“软件更新程序"，这个图标：
运行时，它建议进行“部分升级”，然后我单击了“部分升级”按钮，但重启后一切都出问题了。事后看来，我应该试着弄清楚它即将执行的命令行等效操作，但为时已晚。它还删除了它所说的不再使用的软件包（主要是 .386 软件包）
无论如何，重启后，我没有得到 GUI，只有一个终端（Ctrl-Alt-F1...F9）。我甚至没有启用 wifi/网络。
论坛中发布的这个问题是在另一台笔记本电脑上完成的，其中显示的日志文件是从有问题的笔记本电脑复制而来的。
我讨厌从 Live USB 重新安装，所以我想问是否有办法“撤消” “软件更新程序”/ dpkg 所做的事情？
回顾所发生的事情，我发现了以下内容/var/log/dpkg.log：
2022-01-26 09:53:20 startup archives unpack
2022-01-26 09:53:21 upgrade linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:21 status half-configured linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:21 status unpacked linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:21 status half-installed linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:21 status unpacked linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:21 startup packages remove
2022-01-26 09:53:21 status installed linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.11.0-27-generic:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:21 remove linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.11.0-27-generic:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:21 status half-configured linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.11.0-27-generic:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:21 status half-installed linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.11.0-27-generic:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:22 status config-files linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.11.0-27-generic:amd64 5.11.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:22 startup archives unpack
2022-01-26 09:53:22 upgrade nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.57.02-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:53:22 status half-configured nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.57.02-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:22 status unpacked nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.57.02-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:22 status half-installed nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.57.02-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status unpacked nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:53:23 install linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 <none> 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status half-installed linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status unpacked linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:23 install libgcc1:amd64 <none> 1:10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status triggers-pending libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status half-installed libgcc1:amd64 1:10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status unpacked libgcc1:amd64 1:10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04
2022-01-26 09:53:23 startup packages configure
2022-01-26 09:53:23 configure libgcc1:amd64 1:10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status unpacked libgcc1:amd64 1:10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status half-configured libgcc1:amd64 1:10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status installed libgcc1:amd64 1:10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04
2022-01-26 09:53:23 configure nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status unpacked nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status half-configured nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status installed nvidia-kernel-common-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status triggers-pending initramfs-tools:all 0.136ubuntu6.6
2022-01-26 09:53:23 configure linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status unpacked linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:23 status half-configured linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status installed linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status triggers-pending linux-image-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:26 configure linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status unpacked linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status half-configured linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status installed linux-modules-nvidia-470-generic-hwe-20.04:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:26 trigproc libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status half-configured libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status installed libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
2022-01-26 09:53:26 trigproc initramfs-tools:all 0.136ubuntu6.6 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:26 status half-configured initramfs-tools:all 0.136ubuntu6.6
2022-01-26 09:53:34 status installed initramfs-tools:all 0.136ubuntu6.6
2022-01-26 09:53:34 trigproc linux-image-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:53:34 status half-configured linux-image-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:53:48 status installed linux-image-5.13.0-27-generic:amd64 5.13.0-27.29~20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 startup packages remove
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-gl-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-gl-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status triggers-pending libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-gl-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-gl-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-gl-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-gl-470:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-encode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-encode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-encode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-encode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-encode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-encode-470:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-decode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-decode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-decode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-decode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-decode-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-decode-470:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libx11-6:i386 2:1.6.9-2ubuntu1.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libxcb1:i386 1.14-2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libxdmcp6:i386 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libbsd0:i386 0.10.0-1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libglvnd0:i386 1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libglvnd0:i386 1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libglvnd0:i386 1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libglvnd0:i386 1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libglvnd0:i386 1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libglvnd0:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-cfg1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-cfg1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-cfg1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-cfg1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-cfg1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-cfg1-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-ifr1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-ifr1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-ifr1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-ifr1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-ifr1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-ifr1-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-gl-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-gl-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-gl-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-gl-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-gl-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-gl-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-common-470:all 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-common-470:all 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-common-470:all 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-common-470:all 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-common-470:all 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-common-470:all <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-compute-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-compute-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-compute-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-compute-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-compute-470:i386 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-compute-470:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-encode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-encode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-encode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-encode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-encode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-encode-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-decode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-decode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-decode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-decode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-decode-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-decode-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed nvidia-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove nvidia-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured nvidia-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed nvidia-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status triggers-pending man-db:amd64 2.9.1-1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files nvidia-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed nvidia-utils-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-extra-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-extra-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-extra-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-extra-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-extra-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-extra-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libnvidia-fbc1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libnvidia-fbc1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libnvidia-fbc1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libnvidia-fbc1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libnvidia-fbc1-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libnvidia-fbc1-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libxau6:i386 1:1.0.9-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libxext6:i386 2:1.3.4-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libxext6:i386 2:1.3.4-0ubuntu1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libxext6:i386 2:1.3.4-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libxext6:i386 2:1.3.4-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libxext6:i386 2:1.3.4-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libxext6:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed nvidia-settings:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove nvidia-settings:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured nvidia-settings:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed nvidia-settings:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status triggers-pending gnome-menus:amd64 3.36.0-1ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status triggers-pending desktop-file-utils:amd64 0.24-1ubuntu3
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status triggers-pending mime-support:all 3.64ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files nvidia-settings:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed libxnvctrl0:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove libxnvctrl0:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured libxnvctrl0:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed libxnvctrl0:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files libxnvctrl0:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status not-installed libxnvctrl0:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status config-files nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status installed nvidia-kernel-source-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 remove nvidia-kernel-source-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-configured nvidia-kernel-source-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:24 status half-installed nvidia-kernel-source-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files nvidia-kernel-source-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status not-installed nvidia-kernel-source-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status installed screen-resolution-extra:all 0.18build1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 remove screen-resolution-extra:all 0.18build1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured screen-resolution-extra:all 0.18build1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-installed screen-resolution-extra:all 0.18build1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files screen-resolution-extra:all 0.18build1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status not-installed screen-resolution-extra:all <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 remove libx11-6:i386 2:1.6.9-2ubuntu1.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured libx11-6:i386 2:1.6.9-2ubuntu1.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-installed libx11-6:i386 2:1.6.9-2ubuntu1.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files libx11-6:i386 2:1.6.9-2ubuntu1.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status not-installed libx11-6:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 remove libxcb1:i386 1.14-2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured libxcb1:i386 1.14-2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-installed libxcb1:i386 1.14-2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files libxcb1:i386 1.14-2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status not-installed libxcb1:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 remove libxdmcp6:i386 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured libxdmcp6:i386 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-installed libxdmcp6:i386 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files libxdmcp6:i386 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status not-installed libxdmcp6:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 remove libbsd0:i386 0.10.0-1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured libbsd0:i386 0.10.0-1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-installed libbsd0:i386 0.10.0-1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files libbsd0:i386 0.10.0-1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status not-installed libbsd0:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 remove libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-installed libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 remove libxau6:i386 1:1.0.9-0ubuntu1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured libxau6:i386 1:1.0.9-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-installed libxau6:i386 1:1.0.9-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status config-files libxau6:i386 1:1.0.9-0ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status not-installed libxau6:i386 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 startup packages configure
2022-01-26 09:54:25 trigproc mime-support:all 3.64ubuntu1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured mime-support:all 3.64ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status installed mime-support:all 3.64ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 trigproc gnome-menus:amd64 3.36.0-1ubuntu1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured gnome-menus:amd64 3.36.0-1ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status installed gnome-menus:amd64 3.36.0-1ubuntu1
2022-01-26 09:54:25 trigproc libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status installed libc-bin:amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
2022-01-26 09:54:25 trigproc man-db:amd64 2.9.1-1 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:25 status half-configured man-db:amd64 2.9.1-1
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status installed man-db:amd64 2.9.1-1
2022-01-26 09:54:26 trigproc desktop-file-utils:amd64 0.24-1ubuntu3 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status half-configured desktop-file-utils:amd64 0.24-1ubuntu3
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status installed desktop-file-utils:amd64 0.24-1ubuntu3
2022-01-26 09:54:26 startup packages purge
2022-01-26 09:54:26 purge libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status config-files libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status not-installed libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:26 purge nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status config-files nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 470.86-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status not-installed nvidia-compute-utils-470:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:26 purge nvidia-settings:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status config-files nvidia-settings:amd64 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
2022-01-26 09:54:26 status not-installed nvidia-settings:amd64 <none>
2022-01-26 09:54:26 startup packages configure
Xorg0.0.log节目
[ 10247.573] (II) systemd-logind: took control of session /org/freedesktop/login1/session/c2
... snip ...
[ 10247.575] (**) OutputClass "Nvidia Prime" ModulePath extended to "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 10247.575] (**) OutputClass "Nvidia Prime" setting /dev/dri/card1 as PrimaryGPU
[ 10247.575] (--) PCI: (0@0:2:0) 8086:9a60:1028:0a81 rev 1, Mem @ 0x6134000000/16777216, 0x4000000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x00004000/64, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 10247.575] (--) PCI:*(1@0:0:0) 10de:25a2:1028:0a81 rev 161, Mem @ 0x8e000000/16777216, 0x6000000000/4294967296, 0x6100000000/33554432, I/O @ 0x00003000/128
[ 10247.575] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 10247.575] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 10247.576] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 10247.576] compiled for 1.20.13, module version = 1.0.0
[ 10247.576] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 10247.576] (II) Applying OutputClass "Nvidia Prime" to /dev/dri/card1
[ 10247.576] loading driver: nvidia
[ 10247.781] (==) Matched nvidia as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 10247.781] (==) Matched nouveau as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 10247.781] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 10247.781] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3
[ 10247.781] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 4
[ 10247.781] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 10247.781] (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
[ 10247.781] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nvidia
[ 10247.781] (EE) Failed to load module "nvidia" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 10247.781] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
[ 10247.781] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
[ 10247.781] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 10247.781] compiled for 1.20.3, module version = 1.0.16
[ 10247.781] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 10247.781] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[ 10247.781] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[ 10247.781] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[ 10247.781] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 10247.781] compiled for 1.20.13, module version = 1.20.13
[ 10247.781] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 10247.781] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.1
[ 10247.781] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
...snip...
[ 10247.781] (II) Applying OutputClass "Nvidia Prime" to /dev/dri/card1
[ 10247.781] loading driver: nvidia
[ 10247.985] (==) Matched nvidia as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 10247.985] (==) Matched nouveau as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 10247.985] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 10247.985] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3
[ 10247.985] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 4
[ 10247.985] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 10247.985] (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
[ 10247.985] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nvidia
[ 10247.985] (EE) Failed to load module "nvidia" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 10247.985] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
[ 10247.985] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
[ 10247.985] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 10247.985] compiled for 1.20.3, module version = 1.0.16
[ 10247.985] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 10247.985] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[ 10247.985] (II) UnloadModule: "nouveau"
[ 10247.985] (II) Unloading nouveau
[ 10247.985] (II) Failed to load module "nouveau" (already loaded, 0)
... snip...
[ 10247.985] (II) NOUVEAU driver Date: Mon Jan 28 23:25:58 2019 -0500
[ 10247.985] (II) NOUVEAU driver for NVIDIA chipset families :
[ 10247.985] RIVA TNT (NV04)
[ 10247.985] RIVA TNT2 (NV05)
[ 10247.985] GeForce 256 (NV10)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 2 (NV11, NV15)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 4MX (NV17, NV18)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 3 (NV20)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 4Ti (NV25, NV28)
[ 10247.986] GeForce FX (NV3x)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 6 (NV4x)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 7 (G7x)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 8 (G8x)
[ 10247.986] GeForce 9 (G9x)
[ 10247.986] GeForce GTX 2xx/3xx (GT2xx)
[ 10247.986] GeForce GTX 4xx/5xx (GFxxx)
[ 10247.986] GeForce GTX 6xx/7xx (GKxxx)
[ 10247.986] GeForce GTX 9xx (GMxxx)
[ 10247.986] GeForce GTX 10xx (GPxxx)
[ 10247.986] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[ 10247.986] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
[ 10247.986] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
[ 10247.986] xf86EnableIOPorts: failed to set IOPL for I/O (Operation not permitted)
[ 10247.986] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for (null): -2
[ 10247.986] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -2
[ 10247.986] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting
[ 10247.986] (II) modeset(1): using default device
[ 10247.986] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev
[ 10247.986] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"
[ 10247.986] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"
[ 10247.986] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so
[ 10247.986] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 10247.986] compiled for 1.20.13, module version = 0.0.2
[ 10247.986] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.1
[ 10247.986] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for (null): -2
[ 10247.986] (II) modeset(G0): using drv /dev/dri/card0
[ 10247.986] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 10247.986] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[ 10247.986] (EE)
Fatal server error:
[ 10247.986] (EE) Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs for all framebuffer devices
[ 10247.986] (EE)
[ 10247.986] (EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[ 10247.986] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[ 10247.986] (EE)
[ 10248.008] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
答案1
我设法让 GNOME 桌面/GUI 再次运行。
当我运行时ubuntu-drivers devices，它显示类似“手动安装 true”的内容。
然后我跑了：
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-470
...安装专有的nvidia驱动程序，它似乎重新安装了所有被删除的软件包软件更新程序/dpkg 它执行的命令，包括一些被 dpkg 删除的 i386 软件包。
重新启动后，我现在恢复了 GUI。
现在经过检查，我已经转向运行专有驱动程序，而且我似乎不再使用 nouveau 驱动程序了：
答案2
在这种情况下，您需要安装 NVIDIA 内核 dkms。操作系统通过内核使用 dkms 和模块。我接下来分享了 NVIDIA 内核 dkms 文件的下载链接。
由于您使用的是 Ubuntu，它基本上是 Debian 的衍生产品。您应该能够按照以下说明操作并解决您的问题。请确保为需要下载和安装的文件选择代码名称存储库，或将存储库更新为准确的版本，这样您就可以执行以下操作，而不必手动下载和安装文件。
我建议您通过执行以下操作来安装 aptitude。
sudo apt install aptitude
然后安装 NVIDIA 内核 dkms 以及 NVIDIA 设备所需的任何其他源包。如果您尚未下载正确的驱动程序，我将列出获取驱动程序的源位置。
安装 aptitude 后（如果尚未安装），请执行以下命令将所需的驱动程序和模块添加到您的系统，以便在启动 X11 或 startx 时可以与其他驱动程序和模块一起找到它们。
这是使用 aptitude 执行和安装所需的命令，它将自动安装解决问题所需的依赖项。
sudo aptitude install nvidia-graphics-drivers nvidia-kernel-dkms
您需要确保已更新您的存储库以包含非免费版本，以便能够安装所需的软件。
要编辑存储库，您需要使用软件或在操作系统中发现，或者在文件 /etc/apt/sources.list 的 shell 中手动编辑存储库，并在主要贡献非免费之后将非免费添加到您的源中。
如果需要的话，我已添加存储库管理的链接以便提供进一步的指导。
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu
如果您有任何疑问或需要进一步澄清，请随时回复。我会尽力澄清。
如需进一步支持，请随时联系维护此项目的社区，链接如下。
https://salsa.debian.org/nvidia-team/nvidia-graphics-drivers
如果您需要进一步的帮助，请告诉我。:)