解决了，初始问题以及所有错误消息和尝试均如下。
对于将来访问此页面的人：
- 在我做了所有尝试之后，接受的答案起作用了，你需要根据评论重新构建
- 安装后如接受的答案所示，我遇到了 nvcc 的问题，它停留在版本 10.1。为了获取最新版本（或与您安装的 CUDA 版本相对应的版本）记得履行强制性安装后的操作。
原始问题和评论中建议的尝试
昨天，我的 Ubuntu 20.04 机器发现它有 CUDA 冲突。我无法修复它们，所以我决定使用nvidia 网站：
sudo apt-get --purge remove <package_name> # Ubuntu
我可能做了一些错误的选择，但我说不清是哪些。
然后我按照说明此处，适用于 Ubuntu.我最终选择了这个页并遵循指示。
这是我所拥有的：
sudo apt-get -y install cuda
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
cuda : Depends: cuda-11-6 (>= 11.6.0) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
然后：
sudo apt-get -y install cuda
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
cuda : Depends: cuda-11-6 (>= 11.6.0) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
然后，
sudo apt-get install cuda-runtime-11-6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
cuda-runtime-11-6 : Depends: cuda-drivers (>= 510.39.01) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
然后，
sudo apt-get install cuda-drivers
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
cuda-drivers : Depends: cuda-drivers-510 (= 510.47.03-1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
然后，
sudo apt-get install cuda-drivers-510
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
cuda-drivers-510 : Depends: nvidia-driver-510 (>= 510.47.03) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
然后，
sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-510
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
nvidia-driver-510 : Depends: nvidia-dkms-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
Depends: nvidia-kernel-source-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libnvidia-compute-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libnvidia-extra-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libnvidia-decode-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libnvidia-encode-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: nvidia-utils-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: libnvidia-compute-510:i386 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
Recommends: libnvidia-decode-510:i386 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
Recommends: libnvidia-encode-510:i386 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
sudo apt-get install nvidia-dkms-510
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
nvidia-dkms-510 : Depends: nvidia-kernel-source-510 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-510 (= 510.47.03-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
等等。
我不是系统管理员：我只需要在这台 Linux 机器上安装 nvidia。我保证我进行了大量网络搜索，但找不到具有清晰且实用说明的来源。
有谁能理解这种混乱的原因，并能提供解决方案/带有明确说明的网页？我不想重新安装操作系统，如果这是唯一的解决方案，请告诉我。
https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#pre-installation-actions
根据评论中的要求：
ls -al /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 190 Jun 29 2020 /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
cat /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
Package: nsight-compute
Pin: origin *ubuntu.com*
Pin-Priority: -1
Package: nsight-systems
Pin: origin *ubuntu.com*
Pin-Priority: -1
Package: *
Pin: release l=NVIDIA CUDA
Pin-Priority: 600
apt-cache policy cuda cuda-drivers nvidia-dkms-510
cuda:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 11.6.0-1
Version table:
11.6.0-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local Packages
11.5.2-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.5.1-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.5.0-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.4.4-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.4.3-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.4.2-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.4.1-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.4.0-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.3.1-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-3-local Packages
11.3.0-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.2.2-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.2.1-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.2.0-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.1.1-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.1.0-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.0.3-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
11.0.2-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
cuda-drivers:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 510.47.03-1
Version table:
510.47.03-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
510.39.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local Packages
495.29.05-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
470.103.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
470.82.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
470.57.02-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
470.42.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
465.19.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-3-local Packages
460.106.00-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
460.91.03-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
460.73.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
460.32.03-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
460.27.04-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
455.45.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
455.32.00-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
455.23.05-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.172.01-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.156.00-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.142.00-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.119.04-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.119.03-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.102.04-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.80.02-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.51.06-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
450.51.05-1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
nvidia-dkms-510:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 510.47.03-0ubuntu1
Version table:
510.47.03-0ubuntu1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
510.47.03-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 500
500 http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 Packages
510.39.01-0ubuntu1 600
600 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Packages
600 file:/var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local Packages
输出：ls -al /var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-6-local/
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1633 Jan 11 07:07 7fa2af80.pub
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2394 Jan 11 07:07 cuda_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2448 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
1020 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1040544 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cccl-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2464 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-command-line-tools-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
15044 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15403332 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-compat-11-6_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2428 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-compiler-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
160 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 160604 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cudart-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
740 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 753790 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cudart-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
116 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115138 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cuobjdump-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
12752 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13054952 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cupti-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
2444 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2500758 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cupti-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
184 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 188182 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-cuxxfilt-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
3888 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3977988 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-demo-suite-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
52 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49872 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-documentation-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
28 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27070 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-driver-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2500 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2616 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers-510_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3170 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3206 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-drivers-fabricmanager-510_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
4008 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4103954 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-gdb-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
58716 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60123814 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-gdb-src-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2508 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-libraries-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2530 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-libraries-dev-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
140 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142296 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-memcheck-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2440 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-minimal-build-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
115832 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118608806 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nsight-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3706 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nsight-compute-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3306 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nsight-systems-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
34948 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35785836 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvcc-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
32044 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32809456 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvdisasm-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
76 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77328 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvml-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
1904 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1946136 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvprof-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
60 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57516 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvprune-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
14628 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14978358 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvrtc-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
73704 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 75471468 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvrtc-dev-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
52 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51380 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvtx-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
109924 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 112555442 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-nvvp-11-6_11.6.58-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2426 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-runtime-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16288 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-samples-11-6_11.6.101-1_amd64.deb
8328 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8527458 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-sanitizer-11-6_11.6.55-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3372 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16308 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-11-6-config-common_11.6.55-1_all.deb
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16342 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-11-config-common_11.6.55-1_all.deb
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16330 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-toolkit-config-common_11.6.55-1_all.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2390 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-tools-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-ubuntu2004.pin
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2868 Jan 11 07:07 cuda-visual-tools-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
37980 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38890708 Jan 11 07:07 gds-tools-11-6_1.2.0.100-1_amd64.deb
210464 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 215509372 Jan 11 07:07 libcublas-11-6_11.8.1.74-1_amd64.deb
214852 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220001236 Jan 11 07:07 libcublas-dev-11-6_11.8.1.74-1_amd64.deb
66720 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68320046 Jan 11 07:07 libcufft-11-6_10.7.0.55-1_amd64.deb
148744 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152311988 Jan 11 07:07 libcufft-dev-11-6_10.7.0.55-1_amd64.deb
456 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 466618 Jan 11 07:07 libcufile-11-6_1.2.0.100-1_amd64.deb
7516 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7693178 Jan 11 07:07 libcufile-dev-11-6_1.2.0.100-1_amd64.deb
40568 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41540444 Jan 11 07:07 libcurand-11-6_10.2.9.55-1_amd64.deb
40896 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41876588 Jan 11 07:07 libcurand-dev-11-6_10.2.9.55-1_amd64.deb
46640 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47753052 Jan 11 07:07 libcusolver-11-6_11.3.2.55-1_amd64.deb
30376 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31103978 Jan 11 07:07 libcusolver-dev-11-6_11.3.2.55-1_amd64.deb
96244 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 98547234 Jan 11 07:07 libcusparse-11-6_11.7.1.55-1_amd64.deb
96376 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 98683226 Jan 11 07:07 libcusparse-dev-11-6_11.7.1.55-1_amd64.deb
80636 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82565404 Jan 11 07:07 libnpp-11-6_11.6.0.55-1_amd64.deb
79012 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80907982 Jan 11 07:07 libnpp-dev-11-6_11.6.0.55-1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-cfg1-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
80 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79374 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-cfg1-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6892 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-common-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_all.deb
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10276 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-common-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_all.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6904 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-compute-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-compute-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
30704 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31438322 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-compute-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
24524 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25112298 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-compute-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-decode-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-decode-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
1224 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1251804 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-decode-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
1208 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1236212 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-decode-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-encode-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-encode-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
44 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41762 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-encode-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
44 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44674 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-encode-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49118 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-extra-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
52 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 53154 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-extra-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-fbc1-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-fbc1-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46886 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-fbc1-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
52 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50298 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-fbc1-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6896 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-gl-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6896 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-gl-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
164588 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168530546 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-gl-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
22460 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22998738 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-gl-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
316 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 319502 Jan 11 07:07 libnvidia-nscq-510_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
1764 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1803794 Jan 11 07:07 libnvjpeg-11-6_11.6.0.55-1_amd64.deb
1444 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1477650 Jan 11 07:07 libnvjpeg-dev-11-6_11.6.0.55-1_amd64.deb
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21438 Jan 11 07:07 libxnvctrl0_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 93926 Jan 11 07:07 libxnvctrl-dev_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
402492 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 412144910 Jan 11 07:07 nsight-compute-2022.1.0_2022.1.0.12-1_amd64.deb
231040 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 236577286 Jan 11 07:07 nsight-systems-2021.5.2_2021.5.2.53-1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6904 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-compute-utils-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
344 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 351076 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-compute-utils-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6892 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-dkms-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
32 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29510 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-dkms-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6888 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-driver-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
432 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 442116 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-driver-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
1360 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1390720 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-fabricmanager-510_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
352 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 356628 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-fabricmanager-dev-510_510.39.01-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2446 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-fs_2.10.3-1_amd64.deb
72 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73328 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-fs-dkms_2.10.3-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2388 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-gds_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2440 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-gds-11-6_11.6.0-1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6896 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-headless-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6996 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-headless-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6916 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-headless-no-dkms-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7124 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-headless-no-dkms-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6900 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-kernel-common-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
19992 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20468134 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-kernel-common-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6904 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-kernel-source-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
28468 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29147678 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-kernel-source-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20030 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-modprobe_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
912 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 931288 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-settings_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6896 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-utils-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
380 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 385654 Jan 11 07:07 nvidia-utils-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
36 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34404 Jan 11 07:07 Packages.gz
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 564 Jan 11 07:07 Release
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 836 Jan 11 07:07 Release.gpg
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6920 Jan 11 07:07 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-430_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
1364 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1396120 Jan 11 07:07 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-510_510.39.01-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
dpkg -l *nvidia*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-================================-==================-============-=======================================================
un libgldispatch0-nvidia <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libnvidia-compute-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVIDIA libcompute package
un libnvidia-decode <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libnvidia-decode-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
un libnvidia-encode <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libnvidia-encode-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
un libnvidia-fbc1 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libnvidia-fbc1-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
un libnvidia-ml1 <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-common <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-legacy-304xx-vdpau-driver <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-legacy-340xx-vdpau-driver <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-libopencl1-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-opencl-icd <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-prime <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-vdpau-driver <none> <none> (no description available)
答案1
确认安全启动在您的 BIOS 中被禁用。
dpkg -l *nvidia*显示没有安装 Nvidia 软件。确认
dkms status没有显示剩余的 Nvidia 内核模块：
nvidia, 510.47.03, 5.13.0-28-generic, x86_64: installed
如果有的话，我们必须dkms remove这样做：
sudo dkms remove nvidia/510.47.03 -k 5.13.0-28-generic
- 我们将清理并清除这些剩余的包：
ii libnvidia-compute-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVIDIA libcompute package
ii libnvidia-decode-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
ii libnvidia-encode-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
ii libnvidia-fbc1-510:i386 510.47.03-0ubuntu1 i386 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
sudo apt purge package_name
打开附加驱动程序
选择新驱动程序并重新启动。
选择 Nvidia 510（已测试，专有）驱动程序并重新启动。
在终端类型
nvidia-smi下载并安装 CUDA 11.6。https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&Distribution=Ubuntu&target_version=20.04&target_type=deb_local
重启