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自动安装支持 EFI 和 Legacy 启动

tag-icon • tag-icon grub2 22.04 uefi curtin
自动安装支持 EFI 和 Legacy 启动

我正在尝试使用安装 Ubuntu 22.04自动安装我生成的 ISO 包含 userdata.yml（主自动安装文件），storage其中有一个部分，应该支持两个都EFI 和 Legacy 启动，但我找不到实现它的方法。

userdata.yml 中的存储部分支持仅有的EFI 启动：

  storage:
    config:
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sda
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: false
      type: disk
      id: disk-sda
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1127219200
      wipe: superblock
      flag: boot
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: true
      type: partition
      id: partition-0
    - fstype: fat32
      volume: partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-0
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1073741824
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 2
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-1
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-1
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 54760833024
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 3
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-2
    - name: myvg
      devices:
      - partition-2
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_volgroup
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
    - name: slashlv
      volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
      size: 53687091200B
      wipe: superblock
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_partition
      id: lvm_partition-0
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: lvm_partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-2
    - path: /
      device: format-2
      type: mount
      id: mount-2
    - path: /boot
      device: format-1
      type: mount
      id: mount-1
    - path: /boot/efi
      device: format-0
      type: mount
      id: mount-0

userdata.yml 中的存储部分支持仅有的传统启动：

  storage:
    config:
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sda
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: true
      type: disk
      id: disk-sda
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1048576
      flag: bios_grub
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-0
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1073741824
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 2
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-1
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-1
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 54760833024
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 3
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-2
    - name: myvg
      devices:
      - partition-2
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_volgroup
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
    - name: slashlv
      volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
      size: 53687091200B
      wipe: superblock
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_partition
      id: lvm_partition-0
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: lvm_partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-2
    - path: /
      device: format-2
      type: mount
      id: mount-1
    - path: /boot
      device: format-1
      type: mount
      id: mount-0

当我尝试使用仅支持传统启动（以及相反的启动）的 userdata.yml 安装 EFI 时失败了 -

2022-11-03 09:48:37,448 ERROR root:39 finish: subiquity/Filesystem/apply_autoinstall_config: FAIL: autoinstall config did not create needed bootloader partition
2022-11-03 09:48:37,448 ERROR root:39 finish: subiquity/apply_autoinstall_config: FAIL: autoinstall config did not create needed bootloader partition

再次，我需要支持两个都EFI 和 Legacy 启动，在相同的userdata.yml 文件。

谢谢！

答案1

官方说法是，您无法创建同时支持 BIOS 和 UEFI 的单个存储配置。这些grub_device设置不兼容。引用自安装程序（subiquity）开发人员

是的，可能吧。我其实想把这整个区域清理干净，让配置更合理（例如，真的应该可以安装一个可以同时启动传统和 UEFI 的系统），但看起来我近期不会这么做……

作为一种解决方法，early-commands可用于使单个配置工作。这是user-data我使用的示例代码片段。它将/autoinstall.yaml根据是否存在来修改文件/sys/firmware/efi。

#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  storage:
    config:
    - type: disk
      match:
        size: largest
      ptable: gpt
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: true
      id: disk-sda
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: 4194304
      wipe: superblock
      flag: bios_grub
      number: 14
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      id: partition-14
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: 111149056
      wipe: superblock
      flag: boot
      number: 15
      preserve: false
      grub_device: UEFI
      id: partition-15
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: -1
      wipe: superblock
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      id: partition-1
    - type: format
      fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      id: format-1
    - type: mount
      path: /
      device: format-1
      id: mount-1
    - type: format
      fstype: fat32
      volume: partition-15
      preserve: false
      id: format-15
    - type: mount
      path: /boot/efi
      device: format-15
      id: mount-15
  early-commands:
    - |
      if [ -e "/sys/firmware/efi" ]; then
        sed -i -e "s/grub_device: UEFI/grub_device: true/" /autoinstall.yaml
      else
        sed -i -e "s/grub_device: UEFI/grub_device: false/" /autoinstall.yaml
      fi
      true

使用此代码片段，所有设备最终都会具有相同的分区布局，这可能会造成混淆。例如，基于 BIOS 的机器最终仍会有一个不必要的 ESP 分区挂载在/boot/efi，而基于 UEFI 的机器将有一个不必要的bios_grub分区。

这云图像有一个分区布局这是此配置的灵感来源。云映像支持 BIOS 和 UEFI，我想复制这一点。生成的分区表如下所示，其中最后一个分区填满了磁盘。

Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start    End       Size      File system  Name  Flags
 1      1.00MiB  5.00MiB   4.00MiB                      bios_grub
 2      5.00MiB  111MiB    106MiB    fat32              boot, esp
 3      111MiB   20479MiB  20368MiB  ext4

答案2

解决方案：

我删除了整个storage部分user-data；默认自动安装“知道”如何处理它，无论您是在 UEFI 系统还是 Legacy BIOS 中运行。

注意：它默认创建以下内容 -

/boot - 2g
(If UEFI) /boot/efi - 1g±
/ - as LVM - 100g, or if your disk is less than 100g, it creates it with about 70% of the disk's size.
VG name - ubuntu-vg
LV name (that mounted to /) - ubuntu-lv

答案3

下面是我为 ubuntu22.04 创建自动安装的示例：

  early-commands:
- |
  cat << EOF | python3
  import yaml
  import os

  mbr_disk0 = {'id': 'root-disk', 'ptable': 'gpt', 'type': 'disk', 'match': {'size': 'largest'}, 'wipe': 'superblock-recursive', 'preserve': False, 'grub_device': True, 'name': 'rnxtdisk'}
  mbr_part0 = {'id': 'partition-0', 'type': 'partition', 'device': 'root-disk', 'size': '1M', 'flag': 'bios_grub', 'number': 1, 'preserve': False}
  efi_disk0 = {'id': 'root-disk', 'ptable': 'gpt', 'type': 'disk', 'match': {'size': 'largest'}, 'wipe': 'superblock-recursive', 'preserve': False, 'grub_device': False, 'name': 'rnxtdisk'}
  efi_part0 = {'id': 'partition-0', 'type': 'partition', 'device': 'root-disk', 'grub_device': True, 'size': '1G', 'flag': 'boot', 'number': 1, 'preserve': False}
  part1     = {'id': 'partition-1', 'type': 'partition', 'device': 'root-disk', 'size': '1G', 'wipe': 'superblock', 'number': 2, 'preserve': False}
  part2     = {'id': 'partition-2', 'type': 'partition', 'device': 'root-disk', 'size': -1, 'wipe': 'superblock', 'number': 3, 'preserve': False}
  vg0       = {'name': 'vg0', 'devices': ['partition-2'], 'preserve': False, 'id': 'lvm_volgroup-0', 'type': 'lvm_volgroup'}
  lv_root   = {'name': 'lv-root', 'volgroup': 'lvm_volgroup-0', 'size': '10G', 'wipe': 'superblock', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'lvm_partition-0', 'type': 'lvm_partition'}
  fmt_root  = {'fstype': 'xfs', 'volume': 'lvm_partition-0', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'format-2', 'type': 'format'}
  mnt_root  = {'path': '/', 'device': 'format-2', 'id': 'mount-2', 'type': 'mount'}
  lv_home   = {'name': 'lv-home', 'volgroup': 'lvm_volgroup-0', 'size': '5G', 'wipe': 'superblock', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'lvm_partition-1', 'type': 'lvm_partition'}
  fmt_home  = {'fstype': 'xfs', 'volume': 'lvm_partition-1', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'format-3', 'type': 'format'}
  mnt_home  = {'path': '/home', 'device': 'format-3', 'id': 'mount-3', 'type': 'mount'}
  lv_data   = {'name': 'lv-data', 'volgroup': 'lvm_volgroup-0', 'size': '10G', 'wipe': 'superblock', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'lvm_partition-2', 'type': 'lvm_partition'}
  fmt_data  = {'fstype': 'xfs', 'volume': 'lvm_partition-2', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'format-4', 'type': 'format'}
  mnt_data  = {'path': '/data', 'device': 'format-4', 'id': 'mount-4', 'type': 'mount'}
  fmt_boot  = {'fstype': 'xfs', 'volume': 'partition-1', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'format-1', 'type': 'format'}
  mnt_boot  = {'path': '/boot', 'device': 'format-1', 'id': 'mount-1', 'type': 'mount'}
  fmt_efi   = {'fstype': 'fat32', 'volume': 'partition-0', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'format-0', 'type': 'format'}
  mnt_efi   = {'path': '/boot/efi', 'device': 'format-0', 'id': 'mount-0', 'type': 'mount'}
  lv_docker = {'name': 'lv-lib-docker', 'volgroup': 'lvm_volgroup-0', 'size': '10G', 'wipe': 'superblock', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'lvm_partition-3', 'type': 'lvm_partition'}
  fmt_docker = {'fstype': 'xfs', 'volume': 'lvm_partition-3', 'preserve': False, 'id': 'format-6', 'type': 'format'}
  mnt_docker = {'path': '/var/lib/docker', 'device': 'format-6', 'id': 'mount-6', 'type': 'mount'}

  boot_fs = [fmt_boot, mnt_boot]
  root_fs = [lv_root, fmt_root, mnt_root]
  home_fs = [lv_home, fmt_home, mnt_home]
  data_fs = [lv_data, fmt_data, mnt_data]
  docker_fs = [lv_docker, fmt_docker, mnt_docker]

  common_storage_part = [part1, part2, vg0] + boot_fs + root_fs + home_fs + data_fs + rlog_fs + docker_fs

  with open('/autoinstall.yaml') as reader:
    autoinstall = yaml.safe_load(reader)

  autoinstall['storage'].clear()

  with open('/autoinstall.yaml', 'w') as writer:
    if os.path.exists('/sys/firmware/efi'):
      autoinstall['storage'].update({'config': [efi_disk0, efi_part0, fmt_efi, mnt_efi] + common_storage_part })
    else:
      autoinstall['storage'].update({'config': [mbr_disk0, mbr_part0] + common_storage_part })
    yaml.dump(autoinstall, writer)

  EOF

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