运行 sudo apt update/upgrade 后，我的电脑死机了。我强行关闭/打开了它。我需要做什么来确保一切正常？如果我运行 sudo apt upgrade，我会收到一条消息，提示某些软件包已被保留。我不确定这是否与升级期间的死机有关。
joe@Ubuntu-Desktop-SDA:~$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for joe:
Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:2 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB]
Hit:4 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [99.8 kB]
Hit:7 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_19.x jammy InRelease
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [20.1 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [94.9 kB]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [13.2 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [254 kB]
Hit:12 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [940 B]
Hit:14 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/obsproject/obs-studio/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Fetched 708 kB in 2s (446 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
26 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
joe@Ubuntu-Desktop-SDA:~$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Try Ubuntu Pro beta with a free personal subscription on up to 5 machines.
Learn more at https://ubuntu.com/pro
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-50-generic
The following packages have been kept back:
alsa-ucm-conf grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed snapd
The following packages will be upgraded:
libnvidia-cfg1-515 libnvidia-compute-515 libnvidia-compute-515:i386 libnvidia-decode-515 libnvidia-decode-515:i386 libnvidia-encode-515
libnvidia-encode-515:i386 libnvidia-extra-515 libnvidia-fbc1-515 libnvidia-fbc1-515:i386 libnvidia-gl-515 libnvidia-gl-515:i386
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic linux-modules-nvidia-515-generic-hwe-22.04 linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic
linux-signatures-nvidia-5.15.0-52-generic nvidia-compute-utils-515 nvidia-driver-515 nvidia-kernel-common-515 nvidia-kernel-source-515
nvidia-utils-515 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-515
22 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
4 standard LTS security updates
Need to get 424 MB of archives.
After this operation, 184 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-driver-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [468 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted i386 libnvidia-gl-515 i386 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [26.1 MB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-gl-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [189 MB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 linux-modules-nvidia-515-generic-hwe-22.04 amd64 5.15.0-52.58+1 [5,384 B]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic amd64 5.15.0-52.58+1 [7,040 B]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 linux-signatures-nvidia-5.15.0-52-generic amd64 5.15.0-52.58+1 [39.7 kB]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic amd64 5.15.0-52.58+1 [42.8 MB]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-kernel-common-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [25.2 MB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-kernel-source-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [31.3 MB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-decode-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [1,450 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted i386 libnvidia-decode-515 i386 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [1,670 kB]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted i386 libnvidia-compute-515 i386 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [54.2 MB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-compute-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [49.9 MB]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-extra-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [62.0 kB]
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-compute-utils-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [115 kB]
Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted i386 libnvidia-encode-515 i386 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [50.2 kB]
Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-encode-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [46.2 kB]
Get:18 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 nvidia-utils-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [367 kB]
Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [1,485 kB]
Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted i386 libnvidia-fbc1-515 i386 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [56.9 kB]
Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-fbc1-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [51.8 kB]
Get:22 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 libnvidia-cfg1-515 amd64 515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [95.1 kB]
Fetched 424 MB in 1min 23s (5,098 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 205695 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-50-generic (5.15.0-50.56+1) ...
linux-image-nvidia-5.15.0-50-generic: removing .ko files
(Reading database ... 205692 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-nvidia-driver-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-driver-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../01-libnvidia-gl-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
De-configuring libnvidia-gl-515:i386 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1), to allow configuration of libnvidia-gl-515:amd64 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
dpkg-query: no packages found matching libnvidia-gl-510
Unpacking libnvidia-gl-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../02-libnvidia-gl-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_i386.deb ...
dpkg-query: no packages found matching libnvidia-gl-510
Unpacking libnvidia-gl-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../03-linux-modules-nvidia-515-generic-hwe-22.04_5.15.0-52.58+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-modules-nvidia-515-generic-hwe-22.04 (5.15.0-52.58+1) over (5.15.0-52.58) ...
Preparing to unpack .../04-linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic_5.15.0-52.58+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic (5.15.0-52.58+1) over (5.15.0-52.58) ...
Preparing to unpack .../05-linux-signatures-nvidia-5.15.0-52-generic_5.15.0-52.58+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-signatures-nvidia-5.15.0-52-generic (5.15.0-52.58+1) over (5.15.0-52.58) ...
Preparing to unpack .../06-linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic_5.15.0-52.58+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic (5.15.0-52.58+1) over (5.15.0-52.58) ...
Preparing to unpack .../07-nvidia-kernel-common-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-kernel-common-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../08-nvidia-kernel-source-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-kernel-source-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../09-libnvidia-decode-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_i386.deb ...
De-configuring libnvidia-decode-515:amd64 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1), to allow configuration of libnvidia-decode-515:i386 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04
.1) ...
Unpacking libnvidia-decode-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../10-libnvidia-decode-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-decode-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../11-libnvidia-compute-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
De-configuring libnvidia-compute-515:i386 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1), to allow configuration of libnvidia-compute-515:amd64 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.
04.1) ...
Unpacking libnvidia-compute-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../12-libnvidia-compute-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-compute-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../13-libnvidia-extra-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-extra-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../14-nvidia-compute-utils-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-compute-utils-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../15-libnvidia-encode-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
De-configuring libnvidia-encode-515:i386 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1), to allow configuration of libnvidia-encode-515:amd64 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04
.1) ...
Unpacking libnvidia-encode-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../16-libnvidia-encode-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-encode-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../17-nvidia-utils-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking nvidia-utils-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../18-xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../19-libnvidia-fbc1-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
De-configuring libnvidia-fbc1-515:i386 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1), to allow configuration of libnvidia-fbc1-515:amd64 (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)
...
Unpacking libnvidia-fbc1-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../20-libnvidia-fbc1-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-fbc1-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../21-libnvidia-cfg1-515_515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-cfg1-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) over (515.76-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-compute-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-compute-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-extra-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-kernel-common-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up nvidia-kernel-source-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic (5.15.0-52.58+1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-decode-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-decode-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-utils-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-gl-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-gl-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-fbc1-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-fbc1-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up nvidia-compute-utils-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-signatures-nvidia-5.15.0-52-generic (5.15.0-52.58+1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-cfg1-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-encode-515:amd64 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libnvidia-encode-515:i386 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-52-generic (5.15.0-52.58+1) ...
linux-image-nvidia-5.15.0-52-generic: constructing .ko files
nvidia-drm.ko: OK
nvidia-modeset.ko: OK
nvidia-peermem.ko: OK
nvidia-uvm.ko: OK
nvidia.ko: OK
Setting up linux-modules-nvidia-515-generic-hwe-22.04 (5.15.0-52.58+1) ...
Setting up nvidia-driver-515 (515.76+really.515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu13) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-52-generic
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.15.0-52-generic (5.15.0-52.58) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-52-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-52-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-52-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-50-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-50-generic
Memtest86+ needs a 16-bit boot, that is not available on EFI, exiting
Warning: os-prober will be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Its output will be used to detect bootable binaries on them and create new boot entries.
Found Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (22.04) on /dev/sda2
Found Arch Linux on /dev/sda4
Warning: Please don't use old title `Arch Linux (on /dev/sda4)' for GRUB_DEFAULT, use `Advanced options for Arch Linux (on /dev/sda4)>Arch Linu
x (on /dev/sda4)' (for versions before 2.00) or `gnulinux-advanced-ef0fcb2d-79ed-40f4-a6f4-1bcdee440b75>gnulinux---ef0fcb2d-79ed-40f4-a6f4-1bcd
ee440b75' (for 2.00 or later)
Found CentOS Linux 7 (Core) on /dev/sda5
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sdb1@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ...
done
答案1
sudo apt update运行和之后，您的问题似乎已经解决sudo apt dist-upgrade。
运行这些命令后，我无法在您发布的终端输出中找到任何错误消息。
答案2
我在安装和重新安装软件包时遇到了持续几秒钟的冻结。
删除该包后问题得到解决gnome-menus。