SD 卡在另一台 Linux 机器上运行良好，但在我的机器上却不行。我无法安装 EXT4 格式的 SD 卡。另一个 nfts 格式的 SD 卡可以安装但无法使用。我怀疑我的 SD 卡读卡器、硬件或驱动程序存在问题：
$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu-pgr 6.0.0-1008-oem #8-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Nov 16 17:31:27 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ lshw
ubuntu-pgr
description: Notebook
product: Precision 3571 (0B10)
vendor: Dell Inc.
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-3.4.0 dmi-3.4.0 smp vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook family=Precision sku=0B10
*-core
description: Motherboard
vendor: Dell Inc.
physical id: 0
version: A00
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: Dell Inc.
physical id: 0
version: 1.6.0
date: 07/07/2022
size: 1MiB
capacity: 32MiB
capabilities: pci pnp upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb smartbattery biosbootspecification netboot uefi
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-12600H
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 400
bus info: cpu@0
version: 6.154.3
slot: U3E1
size: 3200MHz
capacity: 4500MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
(...)
*-pci:5
description: PCI bridge
product: Intel Corporation
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: 01
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:127 memory:8f000000-8f0fffff
*-generic
description: MMC Host
product: GL9755 SD Host Controller
vendor: Genesys Logic, Inc
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:74:00.0
logical name: mmc0
version: 01
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:133 memory:8f000000-8f000fff
$ dmesg
[ 1811.033050] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR104 SDHC card at address 0001
[ 1811.038878] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 SD 7.44 GiB
[ 1811.040127] mmcblk0: p1 p2
[ 1819.449754] sdb: detected capacity change from 1072 to 0
[ 1819.856511] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 270337 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 1819.856518] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 0, lost sync page write
[ 1819.856530] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): I/O error while writing superblock
[ 1819.856541] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): mount failed
[ 1823.447060] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[ 1823.451863] EXT4-fs error (device mmcblk0p2): __ext4_fill_super:5227: inode #2: comm pool-udisksd: iget: bad extended attribute block 4294901760
[ 1823.486987] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 262144 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 1823.486994] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p2, logical block 0, lost sync page write
[ 1823.487020] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): I/O error while writing superblock
[ 1823.487043] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): Remounting filesystem read-only
[ 1823.487051] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): get root inode failed
[ 1823.487052] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mount failed
[ 1853.016864] mmc0: card 0001 removed
# With manual mounting : mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /media/SDCARD/
[ 700.905362] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR104 SDHC card at address 0001
[ 700.905848] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 SD 7.44 GiB
[ 700.907252] mmcblk0: p1
[ 715.048836] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 1048576 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 715.048848] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 0, lost sync page write
[ 715.048977] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): I/O error while writing superblock
[ 715.048992] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): mount failed
[ 835.833583] mmc0: Tuning failed, falling back to fixed sampling clock
[ 905.619506] mmc0: Card is consuming too much power!
# Another SD CARD with NTFS:
[ 5476.864610] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR104 SDHC card at address 5048
[ 5476.865003] mmcblk0: mmc0:5048 SD32G 29.7 GiB
[ 5476.865782] mmcblk0: p1
[ 5481.958739] ntfs3: Max link count 4000
[ 5481.958742] ntfs3: Enabled Linux POSIX ACLs support
[ 5481.958742] ntfs3: Read-only LZX/Xpress compression included
[ 5481.958956] ntfs3: Unknown parameter 'windows_names'
[ 5482.678477] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689693 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 4 prio class 2
[ 5482.680881] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689701 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 3 prio class 2
[ 5482.681777] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689704 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
[ 5482.740118] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689709 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
[ 5482.741329] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689711 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
[ 5482.796131] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689713 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5482.798451] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689719 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5483.515547] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689727 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 16 prio class 2
[ 5483.519471] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689744 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 13 prio class 2
[ 5483.520728] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 34689750 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 13 prio class 2
[ 5487.613022] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 974213, lost async page write
[ 5487.613123] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 5, lost async page write
[ 5631.027313] blk_print_req_error: 19 callbacks suppressed
[ 5631.027316] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 62356824 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5633.041217] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 24 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5633.357400] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 24 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5633.357407] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0, logical block 3, async page read
[ 5634.437244] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 62356528 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5635.511765] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 62357376 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5635.512494] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 62357376 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5635.512496] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0, logical block 7794672, async page read
[ 5674.257502] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139377 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 8 prio class 2
[ 5674.264498] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139406 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 5 prio class 2
[ 5674.273301] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139408 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 4 prio class 2
[ 5674.273873] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139410 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 4 prio class 2
[ 5674.274266] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139412 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 4 prio class 2
[ 5674.276866] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139424 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
[ 5674.277939] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139428 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
[ 5674.278260] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139429 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
[ 5674.278649] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139431 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
[ 5674.279290] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 139433 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5678.073329] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 974213, lost async page write
[ 5678.190023] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 5, lost async page write
[ 5678.245038] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 16393, lost async page write
[ 5678.245167] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 10724, lost async page write
[ 5679.196083] usb 4-3: USB disconnect, device number 2
[ 5679.807483] blk_print_req_error: 12 callbacks suppressed
[ 5679.807485] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8465 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 29 prio class 2
[ 5679.808339] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8469 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 29 prio class 2
[ 5679.808605] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8470 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 29 prio class 2
[ 5679.812629] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8490 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 26 prio class 2
[ 5679.825988] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8512 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 23 prio class 2
[ 5679.826624] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8514 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 23 prio class 2
[ 5679.827236] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8517 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 23 prio class 2
[ 5679.827449] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8518 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 23 prio class 2
[ 5679.828509] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8522 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 22 prio class 2
[ 5679.830270] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8528 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 21 prio class 2
[ 5680.688421] mmc0: tried to HW reset card, got error -110
[ 5680.697466] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.706332] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.706335] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 7793649, async page read
[ 5680.715131] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.723859] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.723863] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 5680.731502] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.731504] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 5680.739132] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.739133] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 5680.746799] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.746800] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 5680.754454] mmcblk0: recovery failed!
[ 5680.754455] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 5681.756256] mmc0: card 5048 removed
[ 5683.168086] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR104 SDHC card at address 5048
[ 5683.168452] mmcblk0: mmc0:5048 SD32G 29.7 GiB
[ 5683.169633] mmcblk0: p1
[ 5692.172661] mmc0: card 5048 removed
[ 5694.936052] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR104 SDHC card at address 5048
[ 5694.936253] mmcblk0: mmc0:5048 SD32G 29.7 GiB
[ 5694.937216] mmcblk0: p1
[ 5695.897462] blk_print_req_error: 19 callbacks suppressed
[ 5695.897464] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 62356824 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5696.513092] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 10240 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5697.171417] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8724 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 62 prio class 2
[ 5697.175902] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8745 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 59 prio class 2
[ 5697.176101] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8746 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 59 prio class 2
[ 5697.181314] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8768 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 56 prio class 2
[ 5697.185795] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8786 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 54 prio class 2
[ 5697.186062] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8787 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 54 prio class 2
[ 5697.186327] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8788 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 54 prio class 2
[ 5697.186695] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 8789 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 54 prio class 2
[ 5697.828235] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk0p1, logical block 72, async page read
[ 5705.296619] mmc0: card 5048 removed
[ 5762.516138] mmc0: new ultra high speed SDR104 SDHC card at address 5048
[ 5762.516561] mmcblk0: mmc0:5048 SD32G 29.7 GiB
[ 5762.517737] mmcblk0: p1
[ 5762.976087] blk_print_req_error: 29 callbacks suppressed
[ 5762.976089] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 62356772 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 5763.922406] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 62356518 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2