尝试在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 上安装 logwatch 时遇到问题。以下是尝试安装时的输出：
# apt install logwatch
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
logwatch is already the newest version (7.5.6-1ubuntu1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Setting up postfix (3.6.4-1ubuntu1.1) ...
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
usermod: user 'postfix' does not exist in /etc/passwd
dpkg: error processing package postfix (--configure):
installed postfix package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 6
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of logwatch:
logwatch depends on default-mta | mail-transport-agent; however:
Package default-mta is not installed.
Package postfix which provides default-mta is not configured yet.
Package mail-transport-agent is not installed.
Package postfix which provides mail-transport-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package logwatch (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing:
postfix
logwatch
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我尝试安装依赖项，但同样遇到了 Postfix 错误。
# apt install postfix
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
postfix is already the newest version (3.6.4-1ubuntu1.1).
postfix set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Setting up postfix (3.6.4-1ubuntu1.1) ...
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
usermod: user 'postfix' does not exist in /etc/passwd
dpkg: error processing package postfix (--configure):
installed postfix package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 6
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of logwatch:
logwatch depends on default-mta | mail-transport-agent; however:
Package default-mta is not installed.
Package postfix which provides default-mta is not configured yet.
Package mail-transport-agent is not installed.
Package postfix which provides mail-transport-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package logwatch (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing:
postfix
logwatch
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
即使我尝试安装 default-mta，也会遇到同样的错误。在网络上搜索并尝试了许多不同的建议也没有用。作为最后的手段，我决定在这里创建这个问题。
# apt install default-mta
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'postfix' instead of 'default-mta'
postfix is already the newest version (3.6.4-1ubuntu1.1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Setting up postfix (3.6.4-1ubuntu1.1) ...
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
postconf: warning: open /etc/postfix/master.cf: No such file or directory
usermod: user 'postfix' does not exist in /etc/passwd
dpkg: error processing package postfix (--configure):
installed postfix package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 6
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of logwatch:
logwatch depends on default-mta | mail-transport-agent; however:
Package default-mta is not installed.
Package postfix which provides default-mta is not configured yet.
Package mail-transport-agent is not installed.
Package postfix which provides mail-transport-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package logwatch (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing:
postfix
logwatch
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
编辑1：我按照以下命令建议进行尝试：
# dpkg --configure -a
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of logwatch:
logwatch depends on default-mta | mail-transport-agent; however:
Package default-mta is not installed.
Package postfix which provides default-mta is not configured yet.
Package mail-transport-agent is not installed.
Package postfix which provides mail-transport-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package logwatch (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
logwatch
# apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up postfix (3.6.4-1ubuntu1.1) ...
usermod: user 'postfix' does not exist in /etc/passwd
dpkg: error processing package postfix (--configure):
installed postfix package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 6
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of logwatch:
logwatch depends on default-mta | mail-transport-agent; however:
Package default-mta is not installed.
Package postfix which provides default-mta is not configured yet.
Package mail-transport-agent is not installed.
Package postfix which provides mail-transport-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package logwatch (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing:
postfix
logwatch
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
# apt install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up postfix (3.6.4-1ubuntu1.1) ...
usermod: user 'postfix' does not exist in /etc/passwd
dpkg: error processing package postfix (--configure):
installed postfix package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 6
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of logwatch:
logwatch depends on default-mta | mail-transport-agent; however:
Package default-mta is not installed.
Package postfix which provides default-mta is not configured yet.
Package mail-transport-agent is not installed.
Package postfix which provides mail-transport-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package logwatch (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing:
postfix
logwatch
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
编辑2：这是命令的输出dpkg-reconfigure -a：
# dpkg-reconfigure -a
Unknown option: a
Usage: dpkg-reconfigure [options] packages
-u, --unseen-only Show only not yet seen questions.
--default-priority Use default priority instead of low.
--force Force reconfiguration of broken packages.
--no-reload Do not reload templates. (Use with caution.)
-f, --frontend Specify debconf frontend to use.
-p, --priority Specify minimum priority question to show.
--terse Enable terse mode.
答案1
好的，所以问题不在于 apt 或软件包本身。因为在这个系统上，我使用 SSSD 的 LDAP 身份验证，并且 postfix 已经是 LDAP 中的用户（执行id postfix会返回结果），所以 postfix 软件包无法创建 postfix 用户并抛出错误。
为了让其他人看到这个问题，我采取了如下措施来修复它：
- 停止你的 SSSD：
systemctl stop sssd.service - 删除损坏的安装：
dpkg -r postfix&dpkg -r logwatch - 重新安装后缀：
apt install postfix&apt install logwatch
就是这样！