虽然我只想安装 VPN，但我错误地使用了一个同时安装了所有 的教程gnome。当我在 Dash 中发现很多意想不到的应用程序时，我意识到了这一点。当我检查 var/log/apt 中的 history.log 时，我发现这个命令apt-get install network-manager-vpnc gnome安装了所有这些：
Install: libdleyna-core-1.0-5:amd64 (0.6.0-5build1, automatic), fonts-cantarell:amd64 (0.303-2, automatic), swell-foop:amd64 (1:41.0.1-1, automatic), hitori:amd64 (3.38.3-1, automatic), gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0:amd64 (3.26.2-2build2, automatic), brasero-common:amd64 (3.12.3-1, automatic), libcaribou0:amd64 (0.4.21-7.2, automatic), librygel-renderer-gst-2.6-2:amd64 (0.40.3-1ubuntu2, automatic), gir1.2-champlain-0.12:amd64 (0.12.20-1build1, automatic), rygel-playbin:amd64 (0.40.3-1ubuntu2, automatic), gir1.2-rest-0.7:amd64 (0.8.1-1.1build2, automatic), gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly:amd64 (1.20.1-1, automatic), gnome-sound-recorder:amd64 (42.0-1, automatic), gir1.2-clutter-1.0:amd64 (1.26.4+dfsg-4build1, automatic), gnome-software:amd64 (41.5-2ubuntu2, automatic), gir1.2-dazzle-1.0:amd64 (3.44.0-1, automatic), gir1.2-cogl-1.0:amd64 (1.22.8-3build1, automatic), libisofs6:amd64 (1.5.4-1, automatic), gnome-user-share:amd64 (3.34.0-5, automatic), libzapojit-0.0-0:amd64 (0.0.3-5, automatic), gnome-weather:amd64 (41.0-3ubuntu2, automatic), gnome-klotski:amd64 (1:3.38.2-1build1, automatic), libfolks-eds26:amd64 (0.15.5-2, automatic), desktop-base:amd64 (11.0.3ubuntu1, automatic), gnome-software-common:amd64 (41.5-2ubuntu2, automatic), libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2, automatic), dleyna-server:amd64 (0.6.0-2build2, automatic), gnome-nibbles:amd64 (1:3.38.2-2, automatic), libperl4-corelibs-perl:amd64 (0.004-2, automatic), libapr1:amd64 (1.7.0-8ubuntu0.22.04.1, automatic), gnome-color-manager:amd64 (3.36.0-1build1, automatic), libcmark0.30.2:amd64 (0.30.2-5, automatic), libmalcontent-0-0:amd64 (0.10.4-1, automatic), libapache2-mod-dnssd:amd64 (0.6-3.2, automatic), libopencore-amrnb0:amd64 (0.1.5-1, automatic), gir1.2-tracker-3.0:amd64 (3.3.0-1, automatic), gnome-tweaks:amd64 (42~beta-1ubuntu2, automatic), libopencore-amrwb0:amd64 (0.1.5-1, automatic), gir1.2-gfbgraph-0.2:amd64 (0.2.5-2, automatic), gnome:amd64 (1:42+3), evolution-plugins:amd64 (3.44.4-0ubuntu2, automatic), libevolution:amd64 (3.44.4-0ubuntu2, automatic), libcaribou-common:amd64 (0.4.21-7.2, automatic), gnome-online-miners:amd64 (3.34.0-4, automatic), gir1.2-gtkchamplain-0.12:amd64 (0.12.20-1build1, automatic), gir1.2-caribou-1.0:amd64 (0.4.21-7.2, automatic), grilo-plugins-0.3:amd64 (0.3.14-1ubuntu2, automatic), gnome-shell-extensions:amd64 (42.1-0ubuntu1, automatic), folks-common:amd64 (0.15.5-2, automatic), libfolks26:amd64 (0.15.5-2, automatic), libchamplain-gtk-0.12-0:amd64 (0.12.20-1build1, automatic), gnome-software-plugin-snap:amd64 (41.5-2ubuntu2, automatic), apache2-bin:amd64 (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.9, automatic), grilo-plugins-0.3-extra:amd64 (0.3.14-1ubuntu2, automatic), gnome-robots:amd64 (1:40.0-2, automatic), gir1.2-gtkclutter-1.0:amd64 (1.8.4-4build2, automatic), gnome-2048:amd64 (3.38.2-2, automatic), hoichess:amd64 (0.22.0-2, automatic), libgfbgraph-0.2-0:amd64 (0.2.5-2, automatic), gnome-maps:amd64 (42.3-0ubuntu1, automatic), evolution-plugin-pstimport:amd64 (3.44.4-0ubuntu2, automatic), gnome-contacts:amd64 (41.0-2, automatic), fonts-quicksand:amd64 (0.2016-2.1, automatic), libaprutil1:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2, automatic), gnome-backgrounds:amd64 (42.0-1, automatic), four-in-a-row:amd64 (1:3.38.1-1build1, automatic), libsidplay1v5:amd64 (1.36.60-1, automatic), evolution-plugin-bogofilter:amd64 (3.44.4-0ubuntu2, automatic), libproxy1-plugin-webkit:amd64 (0.4.17-2, automatic), gir1.2-mediaart-2.0:amd64 (1.9.5-2build1, automatic), libmpeg2-4:amd64 (0.5.1-9, automatic), chrome-gnome-shell:amd64 (10.1-5, automatic), gnome-music:amd64 (41.1-0ubuntu1, automatic), libdleyna-connector-dbus-1.0-1:amd64 (0.3.0-2build1, automatic), gnome-tetravex:amd64 (1:3.38.2-3, automatic), evolution:amd64 (3.44.4-0ubuntu2, automatic), nautilus-extension-brasero:amd64 (3.12.3-1, automatic), five-or-more:amd64 (1:3.32.3-1, automatic), libgnome-autoar-gtk-0-0:amd64 (0.4.3-1, automatic), gir1.2-evince-3.0:amd64 (42.3-0ubuntu3.1, automatic), libytnef0:amd64 (2.0-1, automatic), libgail-3-0:amd64 (3.24.33-1ubuntu2, automatic), bogofilter-bdb:amd64 (1.2.5-1build2, automatic), libgsl27:amd64 (2.7.1+dfsg-3, automatic), quadrapassel:amd64 (1:40.2-1, automatic), gir1.2-gst-plugins-bad-1.0:amd64 (1.20.3-0ubuntu1.1, automatic), gnome-session:amd64 (42.0-1ubuntu2, automatic), gnome-games:amd64 (1:42+3, automatic), libchamplain-0.12-0:amd64 (0.12.20-1build1, automatic), libgsf-bin:amd64 (1.14.47-1build2, automatic), gnome-core:amd64 (1:42+3, automatic), liba52-0.7.4:amd64 (0.7.4-20, automatic), bogofilter-common:amd64 (1.2.5-1build2, automatic), caribou:amd64 (0.4.21-7.2, automatic), tali:amd64 (1:40.6-1, automatic), gnome-sushi:amd64 (42.0-0ubuntu1, automatic), libjte2:amd64 (1.22-3build1, automatic), gir1.2-coglpango-1.0:amd64 (1.22.8-3build1, automatic), gnome-shell-extension-prefs:amd64 (42.9-0ubuntu2, automatic), gir1.2-grilo-0.3:amd64 (0.3.14-1build1, automatic), gnome-chess:amd64 (1:41.1-1, automatic), libgslcblas0:amd64 (2.7.1+dfsg-3, automatic), rygel-tracker:amd64 (0.40.3-1ubuntu2, automatic), gnome-taquin:amd64 (3.38.1-2, automatic), rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder:amd64 (3.4.4-5ubuntu1, automatic), libaprutil1-ldap:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2, automatic), bogofilter:amd64 (1.2.5-1build2, automatic), libpst4:amd64 (0.6.76-1, automatic), iagno:amd64 (1:3.38.1-2, automatic), evolution-common:amd64 (3.44.4-0ubuntu2, automatic), cdrdao:amd64 (1:1.2.4-2, automatic), libbrasero-media3-1:amd64 (3.12.3-1, automatic), lightsoff:amd64 (1:40.0.1-1, automatic), libburn4:amd64 (1.5.4-1, automatic), liboauth0:amd64 (1.0.3-5, automatic)
包括国际象棋、地雷、swell foop 等。有办法摆脱所有这些吗？如果我卸载网络管理器，这些会消失吗？而且我现在有两个应用商店，为什么？ 上面的商店是新开的
答案1
没有简单、自动的方法来撤消诸如 之类的元软件包的安装gnome。此类软件包将引入大量软件。此外，它们只会安装系统中尚未安装的必需软件包。
删除此类元包只会删除包本身。此类元包的组件（包括安装前系统中已有的组件）被标记为“手动安装”。因此，不会autoremove删除其中任何组件。
出于实际目的，我建议只删除您现在在应用程序概述中看到但不想拥有的软件。只需使用 Ubuntu 软件即可。转到“已安装”选项卡并删除“应用程序”部分中您不想要的任何图标。由于软件中心可能不会自动删除不需要的依赖项，您可以sudo apt autoremove随后运行以重新获得一些额外的磁盘空间。
替代方案是技术的并且仍然是手动的。APT 维护一个日志文件：/var/log/dpkg.log列出已安装、已删除、已配置的所有软件包。另一方面，apt show gnome显示软件包的依赖项和推荐软件包gnome。原则上，这将允许编译通过安装gnome元软件包添加的软件包列表。