系统->Ubuntu 14.04
虚拟机中的系统 -> Ubuntu DEV 14.04
我正在使用以下脚本：
备份包
#!/bin/bash
dir=source_files
# if directory doesn't exist then make it
if [ ! -d "$dir" ]; then
mkdir $dir
echo "Created directory $dir"
fi
# Back up files to created directory
dpkg --get-selections > ./$dir/Package.list
sudo cp -R /etc/apt/sources.list* ./$dir
sudo apt-key exportall > ./$dir/Repo.keys
exit
恢复包
#!/bin/sh
path=./source_files
apt-cache dumpavail > ~/temp_avail
sudo dpkg --merge-avail ~/temp_avail
rm ~/temp_avail
sudo apt-key add $path/Repo.keys
sudo cp -R $path/sources.list* /etc/apt/
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dselect
sudo dpkg --set-selections < $path/Package.list
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade -y
exit
这是包裹清单的链接（很长）
我编辑了上述包文件，以便它只能运行到ack-grep，这只是为了测试目的。
在运行脚本之前它ack-grep不起作用，我希望在运行恢复包后能够使用它，但仍然不能。
这是编辑后的列表：
account-plugin-aim install
account-plugin-facebook install
account-plugin-flickr install
account-plugin-google install
account-plugin-jabber install
account-plugin-salut install
account-plugin-twitter install
account-plugin-windows-live install
account-plugin-yahoo install
accountsservice install
ack-grep install
编辑
我尝试运行packageRestore.sh脚本时看到的一些错误；
W: GPG error: http://download.virtualbox.org trusty InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 54422A4B98AB5139
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 14.04 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release amd64 (20140417)/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 14.04 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release amd64 (20140417)/dists/trusty/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 14.04 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release amd64 (20140417)/dists/trusty/main/binary-i386/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 14.04 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release amd64 (20140417)/dists/trusty/restricted/binary-i386/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/jon-severinsson/ffmpeg/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/jon-severinsson/ffmpeg/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
输出apt-key list
vco@osc:~/package-test$ apt-key list
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg
--------------------
pub 1024D/437D05B5 2004-09-12
uid Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>
sub 2048g/79164387 2004-09-12
pub 1024D/FBB75451 2004-12-30
uid Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>
pub 4096R/C0B21F32 2012-05-11
uid Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2012) <[email protected]>
pub 4096R/EFE21092 2012-05-11
uid Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) <[email protected]>
pub 1024D/3E5C1192 2010-09-20
uid Ubuntu Extras Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>
pub 1024D/7FAC5991 2007-03-08
uid Google, Inc. Linux Package Signing Key <[email protected]>
sub 2048g/C07CB649 2007-03-08
pub 1024R/1BD3A65C 2009-01-19
uid Launchpad PPA for Terminator
pub 1024R/CFCA9579 2009-06-02
uid Launchpad Jon Severinsson's PPA
pub 1024R/BF7B8DAF 2013-06-30
uid Launchpad PPA for Michael Blennerhassett
pub 1024R/EEA14886 2010-05-04
uid Launchpad VLC
手动安装软件包是可行的，将 package.list 编辑为以下格式然后作为 shell 脚本运行也是可行的，但这样做的问题是有些软件包需要卸载而不是安装（例如 thunderbird 和 banshee）
#! /bin/bash
apt-get install account-plugin-aim -y
apt-get install account-plugin-facebook -y
apt-get install account-plugin-flickr -y
apt-get install account-plugin-google -y
apt-get install account-plugin-jabber -y
apt-get install account-plugin-salut -y
apt-get install account-plugin-twitter -y
apt-get install account-plugin-windows-live -y
apt-get install account-plugin-yahoo -y
apt-get install accountsservice -y
apt-get install ack-grep -y
apt-get install acl -y
apt-get install acpi-support -y
apt-get install acpid -y
apt-get install activity-log-manager -y
apt-get install activity-log-manager-control-center -y
apt-get install adduser -y
apt-get install adium-theme-ubuntu -y
编辑2
我已经为此编写了一个脚本，但我仍然不确定为什么上述方法不起作用
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# encoding: utf-8
import os
import sys
import subprocess
'''Takes in a list of installed packages and converts them into a shell script
Script creates two files
(1) installed_packages.sh
(2) deinstall_packages.sh
These are formatted into shell scripts (though still need "chmod +x ./") that
can be used to install the same packages on another system
'''
# Write information of all packages to this file
package_list_file = 'Package.List'
# Create file containing installed packages
subprocess.call('dpkg --get-selections > ./{}'.format(package_list_file), shell=True)
# so all lines are apt-get lines
aptget = 'apt-get install'
apt_remove = 'apt-get purge'
# shebang!
shebang = "#! /bin/bash\n\n"
# alter the lines to be apt-get lines
with open(package_list_file,'r') as f:
with open('./install_packages.sh','w+') as install_file:
with open('./deinstall_packages.sh','w+') as deinstall_file:
install_file.write(shebang)
deinstall_file.write(shebang)
for line in f.readlines():
package, action = line.split()
if action == 'deinstall':
deinstall_file.write("{} {} -y\n".format(apt_remove,package))
elif action == 'install':
install_file.write("{} {} -y\n".format(aptget,package))
else:
print("line didn't match the pattern....")
exit()
答案1
问题 1
您复制了包含对 CD 的引用的 sources.list。尝试在 VM 中安装软件包时，（虚拟）驱动器中没有 CD，因此Failed to fetch cdrom://。
问题 2
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/jon-severinsson/ffmpeg/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
再次，原始 sources.lst 中存在导致错误的内容：PPA 不再存在，因此出现 404。
如果您使用了set -e恢复脚本，那么整个脚本会因以下错误过早终止apt-get update...