我是一个新的 Ubuntu 用户，所以请耐心等待。
这一切都始于我的/root分区已满。它显然太小了，我必须调整大小。我尝试使用 Synaptic 和终端中的各种命令删除内核，但没有成功。这是最新的输出：
$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image
ii linux-image-3.16.0-30-generic 3.16.0-30.40~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.16.0-36-generic 3.16.0-36.48~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.16.0-37-generic 3.16.0-37.51~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.16.0-38-generic 3.16.0-38.52~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.16.0-40-generic 3.16.0-40.54~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.16.0-30-generic 3.16.0-30.40~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.16.0-36-generic 3.16.0-36.48~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.16.0-37-generic 3.16.0-37.51~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.16.0-38-generic 3.16.0-38.52~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
iF linux-image-extra-3.16.0-40-generic 3.16.0-40.54~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rH linux-image-extra-3.16.0-41-generic 3.16.0-41.55~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
$ sudo apt-get purge linux-image-extra-3.16.0.30-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'linux-image-extra-3.16.0-30-generic' for regex 'linux-image-extra-3.16.0.30-generic'
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
account-plugin-windows-live cabextract kde-l10n-engb libllvm3.4 libupstart1
linux-headers-generic-lts-utopic smplayer-translations
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-extra-3.16.0-30-generic* linux-image-extra-3.16.0-41-generic
linux-signed-image-3.16.0-30-generic*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 44 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 313 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 371721 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-extra-3.16.0-41-generic (3.16.0-41.55~14.04.1) ...
depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-3.16.0-41-generic: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.16.0-41-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-41-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.16.0-41-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-41-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-41-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.16.0-41-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /tmp/mkinitramfs_n4g54n/lib/modules/3.16.0-41-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /tmp/mkinitramfs_n4g54n/lib/modules/3.16.0-41-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-41-generic with 1.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.16.0-41-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-extra-3.16.0-41-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
当前使用的内核是3.16.0.40。
非常感谢您的帮助！
df -h 的结果是：
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 454G 53G 378G 13% /
none 4,0K 0 4,0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 1,9G 4,0K 1,9G 1% /dev
tmpfs 385M 1,2M 384M 1% /run
none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock
none 1,9G 268K 1,9G 1% /run/shm
none 100M 36K 100M 1% /run/user
/dev/sda2 237M 231M 0 100% /boot
/dev/sda1 511M 3,4M 508M 1% /boot/efi
/home/danie/.Private 454G 53G 378G 13% /home/danie
答案1
作为删除过程的一部分，apt-get 会尝试解压文件以找出应该删除的具体文件。但是由于设备上没有任何空间，apt-get 无法执行此操作，也无法释放更多空间。
我建议您将一些大文件从根文件系统移动到另一个文件系统（或 USB 记忆棒或任何其他东西），sudo apt-get autoremove --purge然后尝试将这些大文件移回。