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dpkg/apt-get 冲突信息

tag-icon • tag-icon apt package-management dpkg
dpkg/apt-get 冲突信息

当我运行 时dpkg -l，我会得到一个已安装软件包的列表，然后我会将其与我试图重现的“模型”系统进行比较。该列表中出现了几个软件包，例如emacs23，我希望删除它们。但是，当我运行 时apt-get remove emacs23，系统提示我该emacs23软件包未安装：

# apt-get -y remove emacs23
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package emacs23 is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 97 not upgraded.

跑步apt-get update没有帮助：

更新信息：

# dpkg -l emacs23
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version        Description
+++-==============-==============-============================================
rc  emacs23        23.3+1-1ubuntu The GNU Emacs editor (with GTK+ user interfa

# apt-cache policy emacs23
emacs23:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 23.3+1-1ubuntu9.2
  Version table:
     23.3+1-1ubuntu9.2 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     23.3+1-1ubuntu9.1 0
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages
     23.3+1-1ubuntu9 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages

# dpkg -l | grep emacs23
rc  emacs23                          23.3+1-1ubuntu9.2                   The GNU Emacs editor (with GTK+ user interface)

我该如何解决这种明显的混乱？

答案1

从man dpkg：

   -l, --list [package-name-pattern...]
          List  packages  matching given pattern. If no package-name-pattern is given, list all packages in /var/lib/dpkg/status, excluding the
          ones marked as not-installed (i.e. those which have been previously purged).

这意味着dpkg-l列出所有未清除包裹，以及不是一切已安装包裹；

事实上，从man dpkg-query（作为dpkg -l前端）来看：

          Desired action:
            u = Unknown
            i = Install
            h = Hold
            r = Remove
            p = Purge

          Package status:
            n = Not-installed
            c = Config-files
            H = Half-installed
            U = Unpacked
            F = Half-configured
            W = Triggers-awaiting
            t = Triggers-pending
            i = Installed

这意味着rc该行的开头意味着：

  • r：该包的期望操作是：“删除”；
  • c：该包的状态为：仅存在配置文件；

由于您想要重现现有系统，因此rc应清除“模型”系统中未出现的所需操作/状态组合的包：

sudo apt-get purge emacs23

其副作用是，这些包裹甚至不会dpkg -l再出现。

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