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不确定如何使用我的脚本

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line bash scripts
不确定如何使用我的脚本

对于我第一年的计算机科学，我需要了解 Shell 脚本，但我在这方面真的很差。例如，我写了这个脚本

#!/bin/bash

[ $(whoami) != "root" ] && echo "Run as superuser" && exit 1

while getopts "ugb: " opt; do
case $opt in

u)
read -p "Wat is de naam van de user die je wilt toevoegen?: " username
[ $username == ""] && echo "Geen usename meegegeven!" && exit 1
read -p "Wat is de groepsnaam voor de gebruiker?: " group_name
[ "$(getent group $group_name)" == "" ] && echo "De groep bestaat niet, exiting" \ && exit 1
echo "adduser -m -g $group_name $username"
create_softlink $group_name $username

g)
read -p "Wat is de groepnaam voor de user?: " group_name
[ "$(getent group $group_name)" != "" ] && echo "De groep bestaat, exiting" \ && exit 1
addgroup "$groupname"
mk_shared_folder "$groupname"

b)
BACKUP_FOLDER="/var/backup"
[ ! -d "$BACKUP_FOLDER"] && mkdir -p "$BACKUP_FOLDER"
[ -d "$SHARED_FOLDER/$1"] && echo "Shared folder bestaat niet" && exit 1
zip "$SHARED_FOLDER/$1" "$BACKUP_FOLDER/$1-$(date +"%m-%d-%y")"

现在我想执行这个脚本。例如创建一个用户。在一个简单的脚本中，你只需执行./scriptname.sh。但我不知道命令是什么。

如果这完全没有意义，我很抱歉。我在这方面真的很差，几乎什么都不懂。

编辑：我的问题已被标记为重复。但是 ./scriptname.sh 不会运行该脚本。

答案1

要运行脚本，您需要执行以下操作之一。假设您的脚本存储在/home/maarten/script.sh：

  1. 将其bash作为参数：

    bash /home/maarten/script.sh

  2. 使其可执行并通过在命令行上写入其路径来运行它：

    chmod +x /home/maarten/script.sh
/home/maarten/script.sh

  3. 使其可执行，并将其移动到您的$PATH：

    chmod +x /home/maarten/script.sh
mkdir -p ~/bin && mv /home/maarten/script.sh ~/bin

    如果bin您的主目录中存在一个目录（~/bin即$HOME/bin），它将在$PATH您下次登录时自动添加到您的目录中。要为当前会话手动添加它而不注销然后再次登录，您可以运行source ~/.profile或PATH="$PATH:~/bin。

现在，您的脚本也有一些语法错误。 之后[和之前都需要空格]，while必须以 结尾do，case必须以 结尾esac，并且每个 case 语句都以结尾;;，并且您应该始终引用你的变量：

#!/bin/bash

[ $(whoami) != "root" ] && echo "Run as superuser" && exit 1

while getopts "ugb: " opt; do
 case $opt in

 u)
    read -p "Wat is de naam van de user die je wilt toevoegen?: " username
    [ "$username" == "" ] && echo "Geen usename meegegeven!" && exit 1
    read -p "Wat is de groepsnaam voor de gebruiker?: " group_name
    [ "$(getent group $group_name)" == "" ] && echo "De groep bestaat niet, exiting"  && exit 1
    ## I removed the echo since you probably want to run the command
    adduser -m -g "$group_name" "$username"
    ## I assume your real script has a function called 
    ## "create_softlink", right? This won't work otherwise
    create_softlink "$group_name" "$username"
 ;;
 g)
    read -p "Wat is de groepnaam voor de user?: " group_name
    [ "$(getent group $group_name)" != "" ] && echo "De groep bestaat, exiting" \ && exit 1
    addgroup "$groupname"
    ## Like "create_softlink" above, I am assuming you have a 
    ## function called "mk_shared_folder" somewhere. 
    mk_shared_folder "$groupname"
 ;;
 b)
    BACKUP_FOLDER="/var/backup"
    [ ! -d "$BACKUP_FOLDER" ] && mkdir -p "$BACKUP_FOLDER"
    ## Note that $1 is the 1st parameter passed to the script.
    ## However, since you're using getopts, and b expects an argument
    ## that argument is available as $OPTARG when the current $opt is b
    ## I have changed the script accordingly. 
    [ -d "$SHARED_FOLDER/$2" ] && echo "Shared folder bestaat niet" && exit 1
    zip "$SHARED_FOLDER/$OPTARG" "$BACKUP_FOLDER/$OPTARG-$(date +"%m-%d-%y")"
   ;;     
  esac
done

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