当我在 Lenovo z51-70 上安装 16.04 LTS（全新安装）时，我的电池续航能力很好，但在进行常规软件更新或内核构建后，4.4.0.21 至 4.4.0.22，几乎减少了一半（1.50 小时，而待机时间则为 3 小时）。
现在我知道我仍然可以启动旧版本，并且我已在 Grub 定制程序中将其设为默认，但这是什么原因造成的？它只是内核构建，LTS。但是，当升级到其他 LTS 和主线内核时，问题仍然存在。
我正在使用 TLP 并附加输出。这很烦人，特别是如果我可以在后续版本中预料到这种情况的话。有人遇到过类似的问题吗？
我使用带有节能 Intel i915 和独立 ATI Radeon GPU 的混合显卡。
uname -a：
Linux gaj-Lenovo-Z51-70 4.4.0-22-generic #40-Ubuntu SMP Thu May 12 22:03:46 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
tlp 状态：
--- TLP 0.8 --------------------------------------------
+++ Configured Settings: /etc/default/tlp
TLP_ENABLE=1
TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=AC
DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0
DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2
MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15
MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60
SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_AC=0
SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_BAT=1
NMI_WATCHDOG=0
ENERGY_PERF_POLICY_ON_AC=performance
ENERGY_PERF_POLICY_ON_BAT=powersave
DISK_DEVICES="sda sdb"
DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_AC="254 254"
DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_BAT="128 128"
SATA_LINKPWR_ON_AC=max_performance
SATA_LINKPWR_ON_BAT=min_power
PCIE_ASPM_ON_AC=performance
PCIE_ASPM_ON_BAT=powersave
RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_AC=high
RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_BAT=low
RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_AC=performance
RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_BAT=battery
RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_AC=auto
RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_BAT=auto
WIFI_PWR_ON_AC=1
WIFI_PWR_ON_BAT=5
WOL_DISABLE=Y
SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_AC=0
SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_BAT=1
SOUND_POWER_SAVE_CONTROLLER=Y
BAY_POWEROFF_ON_BAT=0
BAY_DEVICE="sr0"
RUNTIME_PM_ON_AC=on
RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=auto
RUNTIME_PM_ALL=1
RUNTIME_PM_DRIVER_BLACKLIST="radeon nouveau"
USB_AUTOSUSPEND=1
USB_BLACKLIST_WWAN=1
RESTORE_DEVICE_STATE_ON_STARTUP=0
+++ System Info
System = LENOVO Lenovo Z51-70 80K6
BIOS = C2CN19WW(V2.00)
Release = Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
Kernel = 4.4.0-22-generic #40-Ubuntu SMP Thu May 12 22:03:46 UTC 2016 x86_64
/proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-22-generic root=UUID=0739d2c4-9774-41f4-bd8c-b7bd3ee7c53c ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
Init system = systemd
+++ System Status
TLP power save = enabled
power source = battery
+++ Processor
CPU Model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-5200U CPU @ 2.20GHz
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq = 500000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq = 2700000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq = 500000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq = 2700000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq = 500000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq = 2700000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq = 500000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq = 2700000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 18
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0
x86_energy_perf_policy.cpu0 = powersave
x86_energy_perf_policy.cpu1 = powersave
x86_energy_perf_policy.cpu2 = powersave
x86_energy_perf_policy.cpu3 = powersave
/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0
+++ Undervolting
PHC kernel not available.
+++ Temperatures
CPU temp = 54 [°C]
Fan speed (fan1) = 257 [/min]
+++ File System
/proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode = 2
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs = 6000
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio = 20
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio = 10
/proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs = (not available)
/proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs = (not available)
/proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs = (not available)
+++ Storage Devices
/dev/sda:
Model = Patriot Blaze
Firmware = S9FM02.3
APM Level = 128
Status = active/idle
TRIM = supported
Scheduler = deadline
SMART info:
9 Power_On_Hours = 2187 [h]
194 Temperature_Celsius = 30 [°C]
241 Total_LBAs_Written = 0.001 [TB]
+++ SATA Aggressive Link Power Management
/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = min_power
/sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = min_power
/sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = min_power
/sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = min_power
+++ PCIe Active State Power Management
/sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy = default (using bios preferences)
+++ Intel Graphics
/sys/module/i915/parameters/powersave = (not available)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_rc6 = 1 (enabled)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = -1 (use per-chip default)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/lvds_downclock = (not available)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/semaphores = -1 (use per-chip default)
+++ Radeon Graphics
/sys/class/drm/card1/device/power_dpm_state = battery
/sys/class/drm/card1/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level = off
+++ Wireless
bluetooth = off (software)
wifi = on
wwan = none (no device)
hci0(btusb) : not connected
wlp3s0(iwlwifi) : connected, power management = on
+++ Audio
/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save = 1
/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save_controller = Y
+++ Runtime Power Management
device classes = all
device blacklist = (not configured)
driver blacklist = radeon nouveau
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, bdw_uncore)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/power/control = auto (0x040300, Audio device, snd_hda_intel)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.0/power/control = auto (0x0c0330, USB controller, xhci_hcd)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:16.0/power/control = auto (0x078000, Communication controller, mei_me)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1b.0/power/control = auto (0x040300, Audio device, snd_hda_intel)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.2/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.3/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.4/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1d.0/power/control = auto (0x0c0320, USB controller, ehci-pci)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.0/power/control = auto (0x060100, ISA bridge, lpc_ich)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.2/power/control = auto (0x010601, SATA controller, ahci)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.3/power/control = auto (0x0c0500, SMBus, no driver)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:02:00.0/power/control = auto (0x020000, Ethernet controller, r8169)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:03:00.0/power/control = auto (0x028000, Network controller, iwlwifi)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:04:00.0/power/control = auto (0x038000, Display controller, radeon)
+++ USB
autosuspend = enabled
device whitelist = (not configured)
device blacklist = (not configured)
wwan blacklist = enabled
Bus 001 Device 002 ID 8087:8001 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Intel Corp. (hub)
Bus 001 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0002 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub (hub)
Bus 003 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)
Bus 002 Device 005 ID 8087:07dc control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Intel Corp. (btusb)
Bus 002 Device 004 ID 04f2:b50f control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd (uvcvideo)
Bus 002 Device 003 ID 0bda:0129 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller (rtsx_usb)
Bus 002 Device 002 ID 046d:c52f control = on, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver (usbhid)
Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0002 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub (hub)
+++ Battery Status
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/manufacturer = LENOVO
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/model_name = PABAS0241231
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/cycle_count = (not supported)
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/energy_full_design = 31680 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/energy_full = 23680 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/energy_now = 23650 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/power_now = 1462 [mW]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/status = Discharging
另外，要查看两个内核中正在使用哪个图形驱动程序：
lspci -nnk | grep -i vga -A3 | grep ‘正在使用’
Kernel driver in use: i915
（英特尔）。
查看 sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch：
0:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0
1:DIS: :Pwr:0000:04:00.0
Powertop 没有列出 4.4.0.21 和 22 之间的任何不同：
虽然我不知道这里该做什么：
答案1
原来是 AMDGPU 的问题。Radeon 正在耗尽电池并将 CPU 推向极限，从而缩短了电池寿命。我在 BIOS 中禁用了它，选择“使用 UMA 图形”。我想我会等 AMDGPU 再进步一点，然后再使用它。