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如何在 CSV 中获取字符串，通过字符串名称创建新的 CSV 并向其中添加特定行？

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line bash python text-processing awk
如何在 CSV 中获取字符串，通过字符串名称创建新的 CSV 并向其中添加特定行？

这是我的 CSV 文件的一个示例：

04/Feb/2016:06:38:44-0500,ab,3,10,57,200,10254
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,42,168,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,43,169,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ab,1,43,170,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,44,171,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,45,172,304,0

我想获取第二列中的字符串，如果文件不存在，则创建名为该字符串的文件，并在文件中添加该特定行。因此，如下所示：

fetch string in 2nd column -> "ab" -> if file doesnt exist create file called "ab.csv" -> open file and add line "04/Feb/2016:06:38:44-0500,ab,3,10,57,200,10254"
fetch string in 2nd column -> "cd" -> if file doesnt exist create file called "cd.csv" -> open file and add line "04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,42,168,304,0"
fetch string in 2nd column -> "ef" -> if file doesnt exist create file called "ef.csv" -> open file and add line "04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,43,169,304,0"
fetch string in 2nd column -> "ab" -> if file doesnt exist create file called "ab.csv" -> open file and add line "04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ab,1,43,170,304,0"
fetch string in 2nd column -> "cd" -> if file doesnt exist create file called "cd.csv" -> open file and add line "04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,44,171,304,0"
fetch string in 2nd column -> "ef" -> if file doesnt exist create file called "ef.csv" -> open file and add line "04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,45,172,304,0"

结果：

ab.csv:
04/Feb/2016:06:38:44-0500,ab,3,10,57,200,10254
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ab,1,43,170,304,0
----------------------------------------------
cd.csv:
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,42,168,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,44,171,304,0
----------------------------------------------
ef.csv:
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,43,169,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,45,172,304,0

感谢任何帮助！

答案1

使用awk

$ awk -F, '{print >> $2".csv"}' file.csv

$ cat ab.csv
04/Feb/2016:06:38:44-0500,ab,3,10,57,200,10254
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ab,1,43,170,304,0
$ cat cd.csv
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,42,168,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,44,171,304,0
$ cat ef.csv
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,43,169,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,45,172,304,0
$

但请记住，真正的 CSV 文件可能包含带引号的逗号之内它们的逗号分隔字段 - 因此，在严肃使用时始终建议使用适当的 CSV 解析器：例如如何使用 Perl 读取 CSV 文件？或者PyMOTW：逗号分隔值文件。

答案2

我不知道您是否仍在寻找 Python 式的解决方案。steeldriver 的回答如此简单，让我感到惊讶，没想到它竟然awk如此强大。

#!/usr/bin/env python

import csv
import os

def main():
    with open("file.csv", "rb") as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)
        for row in reader:
            fname = row[1] + ".csv"
            with open(fname, 'w') as f:
                f.write(','.join([i for i in row]))


main()

不能责怪我为了闪亮的赏金而尝试:D

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