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监视文件夹，如果其中有文件则运行命令？

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line bash scripts directory inotify
监视文件夹，如果其中有文件则运行命令？

我想让我的 Ubuntu 监视器Folder A。如果那里有一个.sh文件，我想将该文件移动到Folder B并在后台运行它。这可能吗？我应该用什么来实现它？

答案1

您有以下几种选择：

1. 使用 inotifywait

#!/bin/bash
# set path to watch
DIR="/path/to/sourcedir"
# set path to copy the script to
target_dir="/path/to/targetdir"

inotifywait -m -r -e moved_to -e create "$DIR" --format "%f" | while read f

do
    echo $f
    # check if the file is a .sh file
    if [[ $f = *.sh ]]; then
      # if so, copy the file to the target dir
      mv "$DIR/$f" "$target_dir"
      # and rum it
      /bin/bash "$target_dir/$f" &
    fi
done

关于 inotifywait 的解释

设置选项

要连续记录，您需要设置选项-m：

从man inotifywait：

-m, --monitor
    Instead of exiting after receiving a single event, execute indefinitely. The default behaviour is to exit after the first event occurs.

要递归记录，您需要设置选项-r：

-r, --recursive
    Watch all subdirectories of any directories passed as arguments. Watches will be set up recursively to an unlimited depth. Symbolic links are not traversed. Newly created subdirectories will also be watched.

如果不需要递归监控，请删除该选项。

活动

此外，您还需要指定事件引起：

EVENTS
       The following events are valid for use with the -e option:

       access A  watched  file  or  a file within a watched directory was read
              from.

       modify A watched file or a file within a watched directory was  written
              to.

       attrib The metadata of a watched file or a file within a watched direc‐
              tory was modified.  This includes timestamps, file  permissions,
              extended attributes etc.

       close_write
              A  watched file or a file within a watched directory was closed,
              after being opened in writeable mode.  This does not necessarily
              imply the file was written to.

       close_nowrite
              A  watched file or a file within a watched directory was closed,
              after being opened in read-only mode.

       close  A watched file or a file within a watched directory was  closed,
              regardless  of  how  it  was opened.  Note that this is actually
              implemented  simply  by  listening  for  both  close_write   and
              close_nowrite, hence all close events received will be output as
              one of these, not CLOSE.

       open   A watched file or a file within a watched directory was opened.

       moved_to
              A file or directory was moved into a  watched  directory.   This
              event  occurs  even  if the file is simply moved from and to the
              same directory.

       moved_from
              A file or directory was moved from a  watched  directory.   This
              event  occurs  even  if the file is simply moved from and to the
              same directory.

       move   A file or directory was moved from or to  a  watched  directory.
              Note  that  this is actually implemented simply by listening for
              both moved_to and moved_from, hence all  close  events  received
              will be output as one or both of these, not MOVE.

       move_self
              A  watched  file  or  directory was moved. After this event, the
              file or directory is no longer being watched.

       create A file or directory was created within a watched directory.

       delete A file or directory within a watched directory was deleted.

       delete_self
              A watched file or directory was deleted.  After this  event  the
              file  or  directory  is no longer being watched.  Note that this
              event can occur even if it is not explicitly being listened for.

       unmount
              The filesystem on which a watched file or directory resides  was
              unmounted.   After this event the file or directory is no longer
              being watched.  Note that this event can occur even if it is not
              explicitly being listened to.

您需要在每个要触发的事件前面添加以下内容-e：

-e moved_to -e create

当然，您可以从列表中设置任何事件触发器。

使用该选项--format "%f"，我们使命令输出文件姓名，我们将使用它来复制和运行文件，并结合设置的路径。

如何使用

  1. 使用 apt 安装 inotify-tools：

    sudo apt install inotify-tools

  2. 将脚本复制到一个空文件中，另存为watch_dir.sh

  3. 在脚本的开头，设置要监视的目录以及将脚本复制到的目录
  4. 运行它，它就会开始监视您的目录。

2.使用python

无需安装任何额外的东西，我们可以用一个小的python脚本做同样的事情：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import time
import shutil

source = "/path/to/sourcedir"
target = "/path/to/targetedir"
files1 = os.listdir(source)

while True:
    time.sleep(2)
    files2 = os.listdir(source)
    # see if there are new files added
    new = [f for f in files2 if all([not f in files1, f.endswith(".sh")])]
    # if so:
    for f in new:
        # combine paths and file
        trg = os.path.join(target, f)
        # copy the file to target
        shutil.move(os.path.join(source, f), trg)
        # and run it
        subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", trg])
        print(trg)
    files1 = files2

如何使用

  1. 将脚本复制到一个空文件中，另存为watch_dir.py
  2. 在脚本的开头，设置要监视的目录以及将脚本复制到的目录 ( source, target)
  3. 运行它，它就会开始监视您的目录。

笔记

上述两个选项都假设脚本不需要任何参数，但在这样的设置中显然如此。

答案2

这里是另一个具有递归树遍历的版本......

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import time
import shutil
import threading

source = "/home/pi/Pictures/2020/"

def tree_walk(path):
    if os.path.isfile(path):
    if path.endswith("jpg"):
        subprocess.Popen(["/home/pi/git/rpi_scripts/telegram/tg_send_pic.sh", path])
        subprocess.Popen(["rm", path])
    elif path.endswith("mp4"):
        subprocess.Popen(["/home/pi/git/rpi_scripts/telegram/tg_send_video.sh", path])
        subprocess.Popen(["rm", path])
    else:
        print("other files...", path)
elif os.path.isdir(path):
    items = os.listdir(path)
    for i in items:
        trg = os.path.join(path, i)
        tree_walk(trg)
else:
    print(path, "spec file: socket, FIFO, device file etc.")

tree_walk(source)
#try:
#thread = threading.Timer(3, tree_walk(source))
#thread.start()
#except KeyboardInterrupt:
#    print("end")

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