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如何更改候选中的软件包版本？

tag-icon • tag-icon apt package-management gcc cuda
如何更改候选中的软件包版本？

命令的输出apt-cache policy如图所示：

mobeen@VIP-Ubuntu:~$ apt-cache policy gcc
gcc:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1
  Version table:
     4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1 500
        500 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages


mobeen@VIP-Ubuntu:~$ apt-cache policy g++
    g++:
      Installed: (none)
      Candidate: 4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1
      Version table:
         4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1 500
            500 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages

据我理解，这提供了有关某些包的信息，即安装了哪个版本以及在候选中，这意味着将要安装哪个版本。

我要做的基本上是安装 CUDA 8.0，它会自动安装 gcc，但由于 gcc 的候选版本是 7.2.0，因此它会安装此版本。然而，这随后会出现兼容性错误。

总结一下：我需要安装一个低于5的gcc版本。

我正在尝试torch使用此处描述的方法进行安装：关联。

我收到的错误是：

In file included from /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_runtime.h:78:0,
                 from <command-line>:0:
/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h:119:2: error: #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
 #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
  ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_runtime.h:78:0,
                 from <command-line>:0:
/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h:119:2: error: #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
 #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
  ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_runtime.h:78:0,
                 from <command-line>:0:
/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h:119:2: error: #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
 #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
  ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_runtime.h:78:0,
                 from <command-line>:0:
/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h:119:2: error: #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
 #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 5 are not supported!
  ^~~~~
CMake Error at THC_generated_THCSleep.cu.o.cmake:207 (message):
  Error generating
  /home/mobeen/torch/extra/cutorch/build/lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir//./THC_generated_THCSleep.cu.o


lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/build.make:665: recipe for target 'lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCSleep.cu.o' failed
make[2]: *** [lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCSleep.cu.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
CMake Error at THC_generated_THCBlas.cu.o.cmake:207 (message):
  Error generating
  /home/mobeen/torch/extra/cutorch/build/lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir//./THC_generated_THCBlas.cu.o


lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/build.make:476: recipe for target 'lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCBlas.cu.o' failed
make[2]: *** [lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCBlas.cu.o] Error 1
CMake Error at THC_generated_THCReduceApplyUtils.cu.o.cmake:207 (message):
  Error generating
  /home/mobeen/torch/extra/cutorch/build/lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir//./THC_generated_THCReduceApplyUtils.cu.o


lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/build.make:286: recipe for target 'lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCReduceApplyUtils.cu.o' failed
make[2]: *** [lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCReduceApplyUtils.cu.o] Error 1
CMake Error at THC_generated_THCHalf.cu.o.cmake:207 (message):
  Error generating
  /home/mobeen/torch/extra/cutorch/build/lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir//./THC_generated_THCHalf.cu.o


lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/build.make:2027: recipe for target 'lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCHalf.cu.o' failed
make[2]: *** [lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/THC_generated_THCHalf.cu.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:172: recipe for target 'lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [lib/THC/CMakeFiles/THC.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:129: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

Error: Build error: Failed building.

我已经gcc-4.8使用以下命令安装：

sudo apt install gcc-4.8

然后使用以下命令对其进行符号链接：

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 /usr/local/cuda/bin/gcc
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/g++-4.8 /usr/local/cuda/bin/g++
sudo ldconfig

但仍然出现相同的错误。

答案1

在 Ubuntu 软件包系统中，gcc依赖包提供了默认GNU C 编译器。

如果你想要非默认编译器版本，你可以明确安装它 - 例如 gcc-4.8可在 artful 上购买。您需要universe在软件包源中启用存储库。

您可能需要采取其他步骤来让 CUDA 找到正确的版本 - 例如，创建一个/usr/local/cuda/bin目录并符号链接/usr/bin/gcc-4.8到/usr/local/cuda/bin/gcc

答案2

总结一下：我需要安装一个低于5的gcc版本。

17.10 版中可以从软件包中获得 GCC 4.8.5 gcc-4。

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