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无法安装“bat”。错误：尝试覆盖“/usr/.crates2.json”，它也在软件包 ripgrep 11.0.2-1build1 中

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无法安装“bat”。错误：尝试覆盖“/usr/.crates2.json”，它也在软件包 ripgrep 11.0.2-1build1 中

我正在尝试安装该包蝙蝠在 Kubuntu 上。这是我当前的系统：

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

当我尝试安装“bat”时，收到以下消息：

$ sudo apt install -y bat
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-keybinder-3.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gnome-session-canberra libappindicator3-1
  libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libkeybinder-3.0-0 libwnck-3-0 libwnck-3-common libxres1 python3-gi-cairo
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bat
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 21 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/1.585 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4.325 kB of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 278687 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../bat_0.12.1-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bat (0.12.1-1build1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/bat_0.12.1-1build1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/.crates2.json', which is also in package ripgrep 11.0.2-1build1
dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/bat_0.12.1-1build1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我该如何修复我的系统以正确安装蝙蝠？

答案1

显然，这是 Rust 构建工具的一个问题。该问题已得到修复，软件包可以在 Ubuntu 20.10 上正常安装，但修复程序尚未到达 Ubuntu 20.04。

问题针对bat： https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/issues/938

Ubuntu 的问题： https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/rust-bat/+bug/1868517

根据 Ubuntu 问题，/usr/.crates2.json这是一个“杂散”文件，并不重要。简单地删除它是不够的，因为包管理仍然知道它应该到達。

作为一种解决方法，您可以忽略该问题并使用以下命令覆盖该文件（该命令来自上述bat问题中的评论）：

sudo apt install -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" bat ripgrep

答案2

我先安装 bat，然后安装 ripgrep 失败。

解决了：

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/ripgrep_11.0.2-1build1_amd64.deb

这可能会有所不同：/var/cache/apt/archives/ripgrep_11.0.2-1build1_amd64.deb

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