TLDR：5.19.0-50-generic 正在运行，但每次重启时我都必须从高级 ubuntu 选项中选择它。（Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS，在安装 NVIDIA 驱动程序后磁盘上没有空间）
完整故事：我的磁盘已满。我不知道。我重新启动了计算机，分辨率非常差。当我收到磁盘已满的消息时，我尝试安装 NVIDIA 驱动程序。不知何故，在删除文件以腾出空间之前，安装程序告诉我重新启动以应用更改。
当我重新启动时，屏幕变黑了。Ctrl + Alt + F1 等无效。因此，每次重新启动时，屏幕都变黑了。恢复模式无效 - 只能说永远加载...
我使用装有 Ubuntu Live 的可启动 USB 解决了磁盘空间问题。现在我有 20 GB 可用空间。但它并没有解决黑屏问题。
我再次尝试恢复模式。启动时按 Shift 键即可打开菜单。第一个选项：linux-image-6.2.0-1010-gcp 现已启动，但分辨率很差，而且互联网无法正常工作。我尝试安装驱动程序，并在其他计算机上下载它们。不起作用。
但我发现 5.19.0-50-generic 在我的情况下是可行的。如果我在该菜单中选择此选项，似乎一切都很好。（我没有选择恢复模式，而是选择了正常模式。）
我不擅长这种工作，但不知何故我的电脑又恢复正常工作了。这就是我现在的情况：
$ uname -r
5.19.0-50-generic
以下是我认为可能的版本的列表：
$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image
rc linux-image-5.11.0-34-generic 5.11.0-34.36 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.11.0-36-generic 5.11.0-36.40 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.11.0-38-generic 5.11.0-38.42 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-20-generic 5.13.0-20.20 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-21-generic 5.13.0-21.21 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-22-generic 5.13.0-22.22 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-23-generic 5.13.0-23.23 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-25-generic 5.13.0-25.26 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-27-generic 5.13.0-27.29 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-28-generic 5.13.0-28.31 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-30-generic 5.13.0-30.33 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-35-generic 5.13.0-35.40 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-37-generic 5.13.0-37.42 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-39-generic 5.13.0-39.44 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.13.0-40-generic 5.13.0-40.45 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-1029-nvidia 5.15.0-1029.29 amd64 Signed kernel image nvidia
rc linux-image-5.15.0-1036-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1036.41 amd64 Signed kernel image intel-iotg
rc linux-image-5.15.0-1038-gcp 5.15.0-1038.46 amd64 Signed kernel image gcp
rc linux-image-5.15.0-1039-oracle 5.15.0-1039.45 amd64 Signed kernel image oracle
rc linux-image-5.15.0-1040-aws 5.15.0-1040.45 amd64 Signed kernel image aws
rc linux-image-5.15.0-1042-azure 5.15.0-1042.49 amd64 Signed kernel image azure
rc linux-image-5.15.0-27-generic 5.15.0-27.28 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-30-generic 5.15.0-30.31 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-33-generic 5.15.0-33.34 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-37-generic 5.15.0-37.39 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-39-generic 5.15.0-39.42 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-40-generic 5.15.0-40.43 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-41-generic 5.15.0-41.44 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-43-generic 5.15.0-43.46 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-46-generic 5.15.0-46.49 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-47-generic 5.15.0-47.51 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-48-generic 5.15.0-48.54 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-50-generic 5.15.0-50.56 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-52-generic 5.15.0-52.58 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-53-generic 5.15.0-53.59 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-56-generic 5.15.0-56.62 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-57-generic 5.15.0-57.63 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-58-generic 5.15.0-58.64 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic 5.15.0-60.66 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-67-generic 5.15.0-67.74 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-69-generic 5.15.0-69.76 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-70-generic 5.15.0-70.77 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-71-generic 5.15.0-71.78 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-72-generic 5.15.0-72.79 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-73-generic 5.15.0-73.80 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-75-generic 5.15.0-75.82 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.15.0-76-generic 5.15.0-76.83 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.15.0-78-generic 5.15.0-78.85 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.15.0-78-lowlatency 5.15.0-78.85 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.17.0-1035-oem 5.17.0-1035.36 amd64 Signed kernel image oem
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1010-nvidia-lowlatency 5.19.0-1010.10 amd64 Signed kernel image nvidia-lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1014-nvidia 5.19.0-1014.14 amd64 Signed kernel image nvidia
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1014-nvidia-lowlatency 5.19.0-1014.14 amd64 Signed kernel image nvidia-lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1027-gcp 5.19.0-1027.29~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image gcp
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1027-oracle 5.19.0-1027.30 amd64 Signed kernel image oracle
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1029-aws 5.19.0-1029.30~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image aws
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1030-lowlatency 5.19.0-1030.30 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-32-generic 5.19.0-32.33~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-35-generic 5.19.0-35.36~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-38-generic 5.19.0-38.39~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-40-generic 5.19.0-40.41~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-41-generic 5.19.0-41.42~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-42-generic 5.19.0-42.43~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-43-generic 5.19.0-43.44~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-45-generic 5.19.0-45.46~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.19.0-46-generic 5.19.0-46.47~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.19.0-50-generic 5.19.0-50.50 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-25-generic 5.8.0-25.26 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-28-generic 5.8.0-28.30 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-31-generic 5.8.0-31.33 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-33-generic 5.8.0-33.36 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-34-generic 5.8.0-34.37 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-36-generic 5.8.0-36.40 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-38-generic 5.8.0-38.43 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-41-generic 5.8.0-41.46 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-44-generic 5.8.0-44.50 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-45-generic 5.8.0-45.51 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-48-generic 5.8.0-48.54 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-50-generic 5.8.0-50.56 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-53-generic 5.8.0-53.60 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-59-generic 5.8.0-59.66 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.8.0-63-generic 5.8.0-63.71 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-6.0.0-1020-oem 6.0.0-1020.20 amd64 Signed kernel image oem
rc linux-image-6.1.0-1017-oem 6.1.0-1017.17 amd64 Signed kernel image oem
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1003-nvidia 6.2.0-1003.3~22.04.1+1 amd64 Signed kernel image nvidia
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1008-aws 6.2.0-1008.8~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image aws
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1008-azure 6.2.0-1008.8~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image azure
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1009-lowlatency 6.2.0-1009.9~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
ii linux-image-6.2.0-1010-gcp 6.2.0-1010.10~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image gcp
rc linux-image-6.2.0-26-generic 6.2.0-26.26~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-generic 5.15.0.78.75 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04 5.19.0.50.22 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
问题是，我如何确保计算机在重启后无需新配置即可工作？此外，我如何确保我的 Ubuntu 已更新？（我已经运行了sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt autoremove）
另外，您能解释一下该菜单的真正含义吗？（带有高级启动选项的菜单）。非常感谢。
答案1
使用此工具解决：
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install grub-customizer
$ grub-customizer
将 5.19.0-50-generic 设置为预定义。但也设置为使用已保存的版本（上次使用的内核）。现在每次启动时都会使用可用的内核版本。