安装 Ubuntu 17.10 后，我没有声音，并且在声音设备列表中看不到我的设备（只有一个 - 数字输出（S / PDIF））：
我已经正确安装了声音驱动程序，并且在执行以下命令时可以听到声音：
aplay -D sysdefault /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Side_Right.wav
lspci -nnk | grep -A3 -Fe '[0403]'：
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller [8086:293e] (rev 02)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] G33/P35 Neo [1462:7360]
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
--
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:0fba] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:36c5]
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
aplay -l：
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC888 Analog [ALC888 Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: ALC888 Digital [ALC888 Digital]
Subdevices: 0/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
pactl list short sinks（只有一个设备）：
0 alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.iec958-stereo module-alsa-card.c s16le 2ch 44100Hz IDLE
pactl list cards：
Card #0
Name: alsa_card.pci-0000_01_00.1
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Owner Module: 6
Properties:
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "HDA NVidia"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA NVidia at 0xfe97c000 irq 17"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:01:00.1"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card1"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "10de"
device.vendor.name = "NVIDIA Corporation"
device.product.id = "0fba"
device.string = "1"
device.description = "HDA NVidia"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Profiles:
output:hdmi-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5400, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 300, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 300, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra1: Digital Stereo (HDMI 2) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra1: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 2) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra1: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 2) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra2: Digital Stereo (HDMI 3) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra2: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 3) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra2: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 3) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra3: Digital Stereo (HDMI 4) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra3: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 4) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra3: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 4) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: no)
off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
Active Profile: off
Ports:
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority: 5900, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
Part of profile(s): output:hdmi-stereo, output:hdmi-surround, output:hdmi-surround71
hdmi-output-1: HDMI / DisplayPort 2 (priority: 5800, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
Part of profile(s): output:hdmi-stereo-extra1, output:hdmi-surround-extra1, output:hdmi-surround71-extra1
hdmi-output-2: HDMI / DisplayPort 3 (priority: 5700, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
Part of profile(s): output:hdmi-stereo-extra2, output:hdmi-surround-extra2, output:hdmi-surround71-extra2
hdmi-output-3: HDMI / DisplayPort 4 (priority: 5600, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
Part of profile(s): output:hdmi-stereo-extra3, output:hdmi-surround-extra3, output:hdmi-surround71-extra3
Card #1
Name: alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Owner Module: 7
Properties:
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0xfcff8000 irq 29"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "293e"
device.product.name = "82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (G33/P35 Neo)"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
device.description = "Built-in Audio"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Profiles:
input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 0, sources: 1, priority: 60, available: yes)
output:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 6000, available: no)
output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Duplex (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 6060, available: yes)
output:analog-surround-21: Analog Surround 2.1 Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 800, available: no)
output:analog-surround-21+input:analog-stereo: Analog Surround 2.1 Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 860, available: yes)
output:analog-surround-40: Analog Surround 4.0 Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 700, available: no)
output:analog-surround-40+input:analog-stereo: Analog Surround 4.0 Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 760, available: yes)
output:analog-surround-41: Analog Surround 4.1 Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 800, available: no)
output:analog-surround-41+input:analog-stereo: Analog Surround 4.1 Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 860, available: yes)
output:analog-surround-50: Analog Surround 5.0 Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 700, available: no)
output:analog-surround-50+input:analog-stereo: Analog Surround 5.0 Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 760, available: yes)
output:analog-surround-51: Analog Surround 5.1 Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 800, available: no)
output:analog-surround-51+input:analog-stereo: Analog Surround 5.1 Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 860, available: yes)
output:analog-surround-71: Analog Surround 7.1 Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 700, available: no)
output:analog-surround-71+input:analog-stereo: Analog Surround 7.1 Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 760, available: yes)
output:iec958-stereo: Digital Stereo (IEC958) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5500, available: yes)
output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Digital Stereo (IEC958) Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 5560, available: yes)
off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
Active Profile: output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
Ports:
analog-input-front-mic: Front Microphone (priority: 8500, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
Part of profile(s): input:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-21+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-40+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-41+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-50+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-51+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-71+input:analog-stereo, output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
analog-input-rear-mic: Rear Microphone (priority: 8200, latency offset: 0 usec, available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
Part of profile(s): input:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-21+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-40+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-41+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-50+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-51+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-71+input:analog-stereo, output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
analog-input-linein: Line In (priority: 8100, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Part of profile(s): input:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-21+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-40+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-41+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-50+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-51+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-71+input:analog-stereo, output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
analog-output-lineout: Line Out (priority: 9900, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Part of profile(s): output:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-21, output:analog-surround-21+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-40, output:analog-surround-40+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-41, output:analog-surround-41+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-50, output:analog-surround-50+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-51, output:analog-surround-51+input:analog-stereo, output:analog-surround-71, output:analog-surround-71+input:analog-stereo
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority: 9000, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"
Part of profile(s): output:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo
iec958-stereo-output: Digital Output (S/PDIF) (priority: 0, latency offset: 0 usec)
Part of profile(s): output:iec958-stereo, output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
pactl list sinks：
Sink #0
State: IDLE
Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.iec958-stereo
Description: Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (IEC958)
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Owner Module: 7
Mute: no
Volume: front-left: 52663 / 80% / -5,70 dB, front-right: 52663 / 80% / -5,70 dB
balance 0,00
Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
Monitor Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.iec958-stereo.monitor
Latency: 371332 usec, configured 371519 usec
Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY SET_FORMATS
Properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "ALC888 Digital"
alsa.id = "ALC888 Digital"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "1"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0xfcff8000 irq 29"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "293e"
device.product.name = "82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (G33/P35 Neo)"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "iec958:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "32768"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "iec958-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Digital Stereo (IEC958)"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (IEC958)"
alsa.mixer_name = "Realtek ALC888"
alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0888,14627360,00100001"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Ports:
iec958-stereo-output: Digital Output (S/PDIF) (priority: 0)
Active Port: iec958-stereo-output
Formats:
pcm
我看到我的设备在alsamixer：
我gnome-alsamixer可以看到“丢失”的设备：
我该如何解决我的问题？
答案1
同样的问题，在 ubuntu 16.04 上.....单击 launcher.parameters.sound 和“输出”后，我点击了错误的东西，并且无法返回....
您可以尝试安装 pulseaudio 原生的应用程序“pavucontrol”，该应用程序也必须安装。使用“pavucontrol”（法语中名为“contrôle de volume”），在“output peripheric”之后，访问“configuration”，在这里您可以选择良好的模拟输入。我不明白它为什么会起作用.....祝你好运！
答案2
我在使用 Ubuntu 和 Mint 的早期版本时也遇到过这个问题。如果您以 root 身份打开 alsamixer，即 sudo alsamixer 并向右箭头一直到最后，您可能会发现“自动静音”已启用。按 Enter 并将其更改为禁用。这是我花了几个小时试图找到的“简单”修复方法……除非您以 root 身份打开，否则它不起作用。
祝你好运。