在我（痛苦地）设法在我的 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 上安装 Skype 之后，几个月前我遇到了一个无法修复的软件包问题。
请查看我的上一篇文章以了解导致此问题的原因：在 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64 位上安装 Skype
如果我尝试安装系统更新，更新管理器会意外关闭，提示包装系统损坏并引发以下错误：
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
grub-efi-amd64: Depends: grub2-common (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9) but 1.99-21ubuntu3.10 is installed
Depends: grub-efi-amd64-bin (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9) but 1.99-21ubuntu3.10 is installed
如果我运行sudo apt-get -f install以修复潜在的软件包问题，我会得到以下结果：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic linux-headers-3.5.0-26
linux-headers-3.5.0-26-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
grub-efi-amd64
The following packages will be upgraded:
grub-efi-amd64
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 28 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 39.5 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main grub-efi-amd64 amd64 1.99-21ubuntu3.10 [39.5 kB]
Fetched 39.5 kB in 0s (154 kB/s)
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64:
grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub2-common (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
Version of grub2-common on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub-efi-amd64-bin (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
Version of grub-efi-amd64-bin on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64-signed:
grub-efi-amd64-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64 (>= 1.99-21ubuntu3.5); however:
Package grub-efi-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfiguredNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing:
grub-efi-amd64
grub-efi-amd64-signed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
如果我跑步sudo dpkg --configure -a我会得到：
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64:
grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub2-common (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
Version of grub2-common on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
grub-efi-amd64 depends on grub-efi-amd64-bin (= 1.99-21ubuntu3.9); however:
Version of grub-efi-amd64-bin on system is 1.99-21ubuntu3.10.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of grub-efi-amd64-signed:
grub-efi-amd64-signed depends on grub-efi-amd64 (>= 1.99-21ubuntu3.5); however:
Package grub-efi-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
grub-efi-amd64
grub-efi-amd64-signed
我的理解是，根本原因是未满足软件包的依赖关系grub-efi-amd64，grub-efi-amd64-signed因此我尝试了这里描述的方法添加 PPA 后如何解决未满足的依赖关系？但问题仍然存在。
我不确定删除冲突的软件包是否能解决问题，但我还没有这样做，因为我担心这会毁掉我的系统，因为它有 EFI 启动，而我使用 GRUB 启动它。出于同样的原因，我没有尝试运行sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade，因为也许冲突的软件包可以自动删除。
我想知道其他人是否有过类似的经历以及可能的解决方案。
正如附加信息一样，这是输出gedit /etc/apt/sources.list：
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20130213)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20130213)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20130213)]/ precise main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner
并且gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*（不同的文件）：
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cassou/emacs/ubuntu precise main
### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/guilhem-fr/swftools/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/guilhem-fr/swftools/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/rabbitvcs/ppa/ubuntu precise main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu precise main
答案1
我最终通过使用 Synaptic 删除有问题的软件包 grub-efi-amd64 和 grub-efi-amd64-signed 解决了我的问题。
之后，我安装并应用了所有待处理的系统更新，这些更新似乎再次安装了提到的软件包。
所有更新过程完成后，我重新启动了系统，现在一切都正常。
答案2
简单安装 synaptic 包管理器，在状态下（左侧）单击损坏的包 - 选择这些包并修复或重新安装它们。